72 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
variations in the tibial spurs. I shall, however, regard these groups 
as sub-families, constituting one great family Phryganeide, and of 
which the following tabular characters will show the chief distinctions. 
1, Antenne filiform, or pectinated ; hind wings not folded. [ Hydroptilides. | 
2. Antenne setaceous. 
i. Hind wings not folded. [ Psychomyides. ] 
ii. Hind wings folded. 
A. Without transverse nerves in the wings. 
a. Maxillary palpi dilated in the males. [ Sericostomides. | 
b. Maxillary palpi alike in both sexes. 
a. Terminal joint ovoid. { Rhyacophilides. ] 
8. Terminal joint filiform, very long. [Hydropsychides. ] 
B. With transverse nerves in the wings; terminal joint of maxillary palpi 
ovoid. 
a, Maxillary palpi very long, very pilose, 5-jointed in both sexes. [Lep- 
tocerides. } 
b. Maxillary palpi moderate, slightly pilose, 4-jointed in the males. 
[{ Phryganeides. } 

OrpER HYMENOPTERA* Linn. 
(GymnorTera Linn. olim; GEoFFROY-GYMNOPTERA Scop.; PIEZATA 
Fabr.; Puiesorrera Clairv.) 
CuaAr. Wings four, naked, membranous ; the posterior pair smaller 
than the anterior, with comparatively few veins. 
Mouth with horny jaws, and with a lower lip or tongue, sheathed 
by the maxillz. 
Tarsi generally 5-jointed. 
Abdomen armed with a multivalve saw ovipositor, or sting, in the 
females. 
Larva apod and vermiform (or eruciform and pedate in one group). 
Pupa incomplete and inactive. 

* Bisriocr. Rerer. tro tHE HyMENorPTEeRA IN GENERAL. 
Jurine. Nouvelle Méthode de classer les Hyménoptéres, 4to. 1807, and in Mém. 
Acad. Roy. Turin, tom. xxiy. (Obsery. on Wings of Hym.) 
Spinola. Insecta Ligurie. 2 vols. 4to. Genue, 1808. 
Kirby. Monographia apud Angliz. 2 yols. 8vo. Ipswich, 1802. — Ditto, in Linn. 
Trans., vol. iv. 
Fabricius. Systema Piezatorum. S8vo. Brunsy, 1804. 
Panzer. Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutchsl. band. ii. (Entomol. 
Versuch die Jurin. Gatteng. Nurnb. 8yo, 1806. ) 
