82 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
lustrious Swede, the genera Cynips and Urocerus were separated from 
Tenthredo ; Sphex, Chrysis, and Vespa from Apis, and Mutilla from 
Formica. In his last edition of the Systema Nature, 314: Hymenop- 
terous species were described ; but in Gmelin’s 13th edition of this 
work, their numbers were increased to 1241. Other genera were 
added by Geoffroy, Fabricius, Panzer, &c., but the first attempt to 
distribute these generic groups into primary sections was successfully 
made by Latreille, who divided the order into, Ist. The Terebrantia ; 
and, 2d. The Aculeata;* the former including the Saw-flies (Secu- 
rifera), and the Cuckoo-flies (Pupivora) ; and the latter comprising the 
Ants (Heterogyna), Sandwasps (Fossores), Wasps (Diploptera), and 
Bees (Mellifera). In the Terebrantia the construction of the abdo- 
men and ovipositor and the antenne offer the most satisfactory cha- 
racters for classification, but which become almost useless from their 
uniform structure amongst the Aculeata; resource is therefore had, 
in the latter section, to the wings, the habits of the insects, and the 
nature of the food of the larve, &c. 
Mr. MacLeay, excluding Tenthredo and Urocerus from the order, 
divides it into five groups : — 1. Anthophila (Bees), connected by the 
Wasps (the folding of the wings of which does not appear to him to be a 
character of so much importance as it possesses in Latreille’s system), 
with 2. Rapacia (Sand-wasps); 3. Pupivora (Cuckoo-flies, &c.); 4. 
Heterogyna (Ants); and 5. Tubulifera (Ruby-tails). The removal of 
the Ants (and Mutille), from their intimate allies the Anthophila and 
Rapacia, to a situation between the parasitic Pupivora and Tubulifera, 
cannot be maintained. In like manner, and for the reasons given by 
Messrs. Kirby and Spence (Jntroduct., vol. iv., p. 374.), and upon 
other considerations which I have detailed in my volume upon Insects 
in the Cabinet Cyclopedia of Dr. Lardner, I do not adopt Mr. Mac- 
Leay’s removal of the Tenthredinide and Uroceridz ; and therefore 
propose the following arrangement, founded chiefly upon the views of 
Latreille :— 
Sect. I. TerEsrantiA, Latreille, (Hymenoptera Aberrantia), exhibit- 
ing very variable structure, but having the abdomen of the females 
furnished with an instrument employed as a saw or borer for de- 
positing the eggs. Antenne various. 
Sub-section 1. PHyTipHAGA, SESSILIVENTRES, SECURIFERA, or 
* Tt may be noticed that Linnzus thought of dividing the Hymenoptera into two 
sections, “secundum aculeum punctorium vel mitem.” (Philos. Entomol., 4to., 
p- 29.) 
