HYMENOPTERA. — CHALCIDIDZ. 157 
of the obsolete veins is indicated by lines indistinctly marked ; ordi- 
narily a strong subcostal vein running parallel with the anterior margin 
extends about half the length of the wing, where it unites with the 
costa, along which it is continued for a short distance, and then sends 
forth a short vein, generally thickened at the tip, and which descends 
into the disc of the wing in an oblique direction. In some species 
this descending vein is very short and thick, as in Magastigmus; 
in others it is emitted close to the union of the subcostal vein 
with the costa; and in the Aphelini, &c., it is wanting, The 
lower wings have only a short subcostal vein. The abdomen is 
of varied shape both in the different species and in the sexes of the 
same species : it is ordinarily 7-jointed in the males, and 6-jointed in 
the females, the basal joints being the largest, sometimes attached 
by means of along narrow peduncle (as in fig. 77. 1.); whilst in other 
species it appears quite sessile, although in reality connected with the 
thorax by a very short narrowed portion of its base. The ovipositor 
is generally concealed, and not longer than the abdomen. In others 
(especially in Callimome, &c.) it is very long and exserted. It is 
straight, and originates at a considerable distance from the apex of 
the abdomen on the underside (fig. 77. 15. abdomen of Eulophus 
Nemati ¢); its composition is precisely similar to that of the Ich- 
neumonide, consisting of two lateral valves (jig. 77.15. 6, and bb 
being the articulated extremity, which in Callimome 9? (fig. 77. 20.) 
is greatly elongated, forming the sheathes of the ovipositor), inclosing 
a nearly cylindrical borer, channelled on the under side (fig. 77. 16. c), 
and furnished with two delicate spicule (fig.77.16. ec). Fig. 77.14. 
represents the extremity of the abdomen of Cheiropachus quadrum 
Westw. 8. The fore-legs are generally simple, but the posterior 
pair are sometimes varied in their form ; in many they are also simple ; 
but in others (Chalcis, &c. fig. 77.1.) the femora are incrassated, 
and toothed beneath, and the tibiz have a corresponding curve. In 
some genera (Eupelmus, Encyrtus, &c.) the intermediate legs are 
singularly formed, the tibize being thickened and furnished with a broad 
and long spur internally serrated, the tarsi being broad (jig. 77. 12. 
Ectroma W.), the mesosternum being also considerably developed. 
The tarsi are 5-jointed (fig. 77. 11. fore-leg of Cheiropachus quad- 
rum @), except in Eulophus and the allied genera, in which they 
have only 4 joints (jig. 77. 13. fore tarsus of Eulophus Nemati W.), 
and are terminated by a large pulvillus. The incrassation of the hind 
