HYMENOPTERA. — CHALCIDID. 159 
length, are parasitic upon other insects in their early states* : some, 
from their minute size, are reared within the eggs + of other insects 
(ex. gr. Pteromalus ovulorum, and bifasciatus, Chrysolampus tristis, 
Cynips Bombycum Fonscol., &c.); but the majority infest other larvee 
or pupe. They are especially destructive to Lepidoptera ; but they 
equally attack the species of some of the other orders — Coleoptera, 
Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Perilampus 
micans was always observed upon posts perforated by Lyctus canali- 
culatus and Hister picipes by Dalman; and I have observed Peri- 
lampus angustus on palings perforated by Anobia. Cheiropachus 
quadrum feeds upon the larva of Hylesinus oleiperda according to 
Fonscolombe, and upon Hylurgus; and C. pulchellus upon Hylurgus 
piniperda. (Cooper, in Ent. Mag. vol. ii. p. 116.) Eulophus chry- 
somelz Hs. (Pterom. gallarum Fonscolombe) was reared from the pupa 
of a Chrysomela by the latter, and Pteromalus galeruce from the 
eggs of Galeruca calmariensis. Mr. Curtis has reared a species from 
Endomychus coccineus; and M. V. Audouin has obtained Encyrtus 
flaminius Dalm. from Coccinella 7-punctata. Esenbeck also reared 
two individuals of Eupelmus annulatus from the pupa of Cryptocepha- 
lus 12-punctatus. (Hym. Mon. vol. ii. p.’76.) Pteromalus curculio- 
noides Bouché feeds upon the larva of Gymnaetron villosulus. 
Many species of Encyrtus, and those of my genus Coccophagus, 
infest the species of Coccus. Pteromalus aphidis Bouché attacks 
Aphis graminis; M. Audouin has reared Mesosela elongata Wh. 
from Aphides of the sweet pea; and I have reared Agonioneurus 
subflavescens Westw. from those of the lime. Pteromalus apum is 
parasitic gregariously in the nest of the mason bee. (De Geer, t. ii. 
tab. 30. f. 29.31.) A brood of Encyrtus varicornis was obtained by 
Esenbeck from a cell of Eumenes coarctata. (Hym. Mon. vol. ii. 
p- 219.) Réaumur has described and figured (Mém. tom. vi. pl. 20. 
fig. 2., and pl. 21. fig. 3.) a species of Chalcis, which is parasitic in 
the nests of the American wasp (Epipone nidulans), and which he 
regarded as the female of the wasp. Latreille incorrectly gives it as 
C. annulata, which is parasitic upon the pupze of American Phalenz. 
It is the C. pyramidea Fab.; and some specimens discovered by Mr. 
Sells have enabled me to communicate a figure and description of the 
* Ksenbeck says of Pteromalus salicis, that it not only inhabits the galls of Salix 
aurita, but ‘quod sane mirandum, etiam gignere partu suo videtur.” 
+ Fonscolombe obtained five or six specimens of his Pteromalus ? atomos from 
a single egg of a Lepidopterous insect: and see Bonnet, Mémoires, Observ. 36. 
