HYMENOPTERA. — CHALCIDIDE. 161 
species, C. albicrus, from the pupa of Euploea Chrysippus (Symb. 
Phys. Ins. pl. 37. f..9.); and I have described another species, of 
which twenty-one specimens were obtained from a pupa of an East 
Indian Euploea. (nt. Trans. vol. ii. p. 5.) Say obtained Chalcis 
amcena from the pupa of a Thecla (Journ. Boston Nat. Hist. Soe. 
vol. i. p. 271.); and Giorna, C. minuta, from Zygeena filipendule ; 
whilst C. pyramidea infests the nests of Epipone nidulans. 
Some species, especially those having the ovipositor long and ex- 
serted (G. Callimome), deposit their eggs in various kinds of galls*, 
formed by Cynipide, Cecidomyia, &c.; their progeny attacking and 
subsisting upon the larve inclosed within. Thus, a beautiful species 
of Eulophus (E. Nemati Westw.), although having a concealed ovipo- 
sitor, deposits its eggs in the galls of Nematus gallicola; the parasitic 
larvee attaching themselves to the outer surface of the body of their 
victims. It is generally, however, within its body that they take up 
their abode: thus, Pteromalus puparum undergoes all its transform~ 
ations within the bodies of the caterpillars and chrysalides of some 
species of butterflies, bursting forth out ef the body of the latter + 
in vast numbers in the winged state. De Geer records the curious 
circumstance, that male parasites alone were produced, in consider- 
able numbers, from one leaf-roliing caterpillar, and only females 
from another (Mém. i. 583.); and Kirby and Spence (who errone- 
ously regard this species as identical with Pteromalus puparum, in 
which they have been followed by Mr. Walker, Ent. Mag. iii. 204.) 
hence conjecture, that, as in the Queen Bee, the eggs producing the 
two sexes were arranged separately in the ovaries. De Geer, how- 
ever, regarded it as accidental; and such must evidently have been 
the case; for out of one chrysalis of Vanessa urtice I have cbtained 
at least 20 males and 36 females of Pteromalus puparum; and Mr. 
* Several species of Eurytoma having been observed to be attached to different 
kinds of galls (but evidently for the purpose of feeding upon the real inhabitant 
thereof), Esenbeck considered that genus as more properly belonging to the family 
Cynipide (Hym. Monogr. vol. ii. p. 39.). 
+ Kirby and Spence (Introd. vol. iv. p. 223.) state, that Callimome Puparum com- 
mits its eggs to the chrysalis of the butterfly (Vanessa urtice); the moment this 
caterpillar quits its skin to assume that state, while it is yet soft, they pierce it, and 
confide to it their eggs. Referring to De Geer, “vide supra” [or vol. i. p. 583.]; 
adding, “De Geer and others have supposed that this sate species attacks the 
Coeci and Coccinelle (Jbid. p. 883.) ; but this probably is an erroneous supposition.” 
There is apparently some error in these references, as I can find no such passages in 
De Geer. 
VOL. II. M 
