162 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
Walker obtained 82 males and 26 females from one chrysalis. I have 
also reared both sexes of Eulophus Nemati from larve infesting the 
same individual; and Dalman mentions an instance in which more 
than a hundred individuals were produced from a single Lepidopto- 
rous larva, of moderate size. These parasitic larve have, of course, 
the same instinct as those of the Ichneumonide, not to touch the vital 
parts of their victim until the last. 
Other species, whilst still larvae, burst out of the body of the cater- 
pillar before it has assumed the pupa state, and attach themselves 
either to the exuvie of their victim, or to the adjacent foliage, by 
means of a glutinous secretion, as in the species of Eulophus ob- 
served by Geoffroy (Hist. Ins. vol. ii.; Réaumur, Mém. tom. ii. pl. 36. 
f. 9,10.; De Geer, Mém. tom. ii. tab. 31.; Kirby, in Trans. Lin. Soc. 
vol. xiv. Euloph. damicornis; Say, Journ. Boston N. H. Soc. vol. i. 
Eul. basalis ; Vallot, in Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1834, p. 64, Append. 
Eulophus). 
Some species are recorded to be parasitic upon other parasitic 
insects: thus, Chrysolampus suspensus /s. perforates, first, the body 
of Aphis rosarum, and secondly, the body of the enclosed parasite, 
Aphidius varius, destroying the latter; and Mr. Newman has de- 
scribed the economy of a species of Pteromalus (P. omnivorus W7h.), 
which, in like manner, attacks the internal parasitic larva of Exorista 
larvarum. (Mag. Nat. Hist. No. 25. vol. v. p. 252.) 
The larve are minute apodal grubs, generally of a whitish colour, 
and fleshy consistence ; of an elongate-oval form, attenuated at the 
posterior extremity, and with slight indications of articulation. F%g. 
77. 18. represents the larva of a Callimome, after Rosel, and jig. 77. 21. 
that of Eulophus Nemati Westw. 
The larva of Spalangia nigra is described by Bouché as being of an 
ovate form, but fusiform when extended; white, soft, with a very 
transparent skin, showing the intestines. The head is small, rather 
rounded, situated at the obtuse end of the body, and retractile within 
the thoracic segment, which is very irregular and variable in its form. 
On the under side of the body each segment has two pellucid 
tubercles, forming the substitutes of a double row of legs. (Naturg. 
Ins. p. 173.) 
The pupe of this family are especially interesting, from exhibiting a 
much nearer approach to the obtected pup of the Lepidoptera than 
is made by any other Hymenoptera. The general form of the body 
