950 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
branch (Mém. tom. vi. p. 19. fig. 1, 2.) ; and Kirby and Spence describe 
another (vol. i. p. 510.); a correspondent of the Magazine of Natural 
History has figured another, which was found attached to a reed 
inside the roof of a barn (No. 11. January 1830). <A similar nest is 
represented by Knapp (Journal of Naturalist, p.333.), which he gives 
as a distinct species, under the name of V. campanaria. Shaw, also 
(in Nat. Miscell. pl. 603. vol. xv.), has figured the nest of the “ cam- 
panular wasp.” I have figured one of these nests in a still more im- 
mature state (int. Text Book, p. 389.) ; in which the saucer-like cap 
and half of the envelope only had been completed, leaving the cells 
exposed. The Rev. E. Bigge not only regards these various nests as 
those of the tree wasp (V. Britannica Leach), in a more or less forward 
state, but also infers that our species is identical with the American 
tree wasps mentioned by Shaw, who evidently refers the nest figured 
to Réaumur’s pl. 22. I am, however, inclined, on the other hand, to 
consider that there are several distinct species amongst these tree 
wasps, judging from the strong variations exhibited by numerous speci- 
mens in my collection. 
The hornet (V. Crabro) builds its nest in decaying hollow trees, 
under the eaves of barns, &c.; it is composed of coarser materials 
than that of V. vulgaris, Réaumur asserting that it uses the bark of 
living trees, but Kirby and Spence say decayed wood. If the hole in 
the tree be not sufficiently large, they enlarge it, gnawing the sides 
of the interior. The antenne of the males ( fig. 87. 18.) are curiously 
notched on the outside. An abstract only of the elaborate memoir of 
Strauss, above referred to, has yet been published. He has de- 
scribed 267 solid pieces and 258 muscles in this insect. 
M. St. Hilaire discovered in Brazil a species of this family (Polistes 
Licheguana), which makes an abundant supply of honey; which, 
like common honey, is occasionally poisonous, owing to the peculiar 
plants frequented by the insects. (Latreille, in Mém. du Mus. 
tom. xi. ) 
Epipone morio Fab. (Vespa Tatua Cuvier, Bull. Soc. Philomat. 
No. 8.) has the basal segment of the abdomen narrowed into a slender 
peduncle, like an Eumenes; its nest is in the form of a truncated 
cone, with the bottom flat. This species inhabits Cayenne. 
Another species (Chartergus St. F., nidulans /’ab.) suspends its nest 
(which I have received from Demerara) by a ring from the topmost 
branches of the trees, so as to swing backwards and forwards with the 
