272 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
of Osmia ¢?). The maxillary palpi are but slightly developed 
(fig. 91. 3.); the labial, on the contrary, are very long, with the two 
last joints obliquely inserted; and the paraglosse are minute. In 
general the wings have only two complete submarginal cells. Ccelioxys 
and Stelis approach the preceding subfamily in the want of pollini- 
ferous organs, and in their naked bodies; but, from the structure of 
their mouths *, they must be placed in this subfamily. All the other 
genera are polliniferous, the pollen brush being very large, and cover- 
ing the under side of the abdomen ( fig. 91. 14.). They are, however, 
destitute of pollen plates. From their respective economy, they have 
been termed mason and upholsterer bees ; the former building their 
nests of fine moistened earth, whilst the upholsterers employ in the 
construction of their cells portions of leaves, which they have cut 
from various plants by means of their powerful jaws, which are employed 
like a pair of scissors. 
The males of the genus of Ccelioxys, as Mr. Kirby observes, have 
only six abdominal segments, instead of the ordinary number seven (jig. 
91.12. apex of abdomen of C. conica g ). Messrs. Serville and St. 
Fargeau state, that these insects +, as well as the species of Stelis, 
deposit their eggs in the nests of Anthidium, Megachile, Osmia, 
and Anthophora. 
In the genus Anthidium, the males (fig. 91. 1. A. manicatum 3, 
2, 3., 15—21. details and larva, &c. of ditto), are much larger than the 
females; and the abdomen, which is broad, is armed in the former 
with lateral aud terminal spines; in the other sex it is round and un- 
armed. These insects frequent various woolly leaved flowers, strip- 
* Fig. 91. 9. represents one of the mandibles of Stelis: those of Ccelioxys are still 
more robust, and toothed; thus proving that, although parasites, those organs, 
which in the working species are used as tools, retain their typical form in the 
parasite, and do not undergo a modification of form, their habitudes morales not 
being sufficiently strong to necessitate a modification of these organs. This is the 
only reason I can suggest why these parasites should have jaws shaped like those of 
the working species upon which they are parasitic. 
+ Réaumur describes and figures an insect (Mém. tom. vi. p. 122. pl. 11. f. 4.) 
which has all the appearance of a male Cceelioxys (ano 6-dentato), but which he 
describes as the male of a leaf-cutter bee (Megachile). Linneus refers this figure 
to Ceelioxys conica, but Mr. Kirby (M. A. A. 1. 154.) objects to this. I however 
agree with Linnzeus, considering that Réaumur’s insect had been reared parasitically 
in the nest of the Megachile. G. R. Waterhouse has also mentioned some facts to 
the like effect, having reared a Celioxys from cells of Megachile cireumcincta, or 
Osmia atricapilla. (See Ent. Mag. vol. iy. p. 498.) 
