290 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
any distinct oral aperture. There is, it is true, a transverse impression 
on the back of the under side of the head, with a smaller one more in 
front (described by Curtis as the pharynx, Brit. Ent. pl. 226. fig. 
Ei. a.). At each side of the former (which extends nearly across the 
head) arises a long, narrow, nearly straight, somewhat lancet-like 
appendage, arising from a slightly dilated (articulated?) base (fig. 
93.4.): these pieces are directed forwards, but in a converging direc- 
tion, so that their points cross *; immediately behind these instru- 
ments arises a pair of very large two-jointed organs, also directed 
forwards, the basal joint being obliquely truncate, and the terminal 
point inserted somewhat laterally (fig. 93. 4. 94. 4. palpus of Elenchus). 
Savigny, who undertook the examination of the mouth of one of these 
insects, forwarded to him by Dr. Leach, regarded the pair of long, 
lancet-like organs as mandibles, and the basal joint of the last-described 
organs as the maxille, whilst the terminal joint he regarded alone as 
representing the maxillary palpus; the labium he regarded as the 
piece soldered to the under side of the head, destitute of a ligula or 
labial palpi. ( Zool. Mise.vol.iii. p. 133.) Kirby also regarded the lancet- 
like organs as mandibles, and the articulated ones as maxillary palpi. 
(Linn. Trans. vol. ii. p. 103.) Upon these considerations, the order has 
been regarded as mandibulated. Mr. Newman, on the other hand, 
considers it as not sufficiently separated from the Diptera, “ its man- 
dibles being elongate, linear, and without any horizontal motion; its 
maxipalpi fully developed, as in Diptera, but the maxillze scarcely dis- 
cernible ; its labium distinct and triangular, as in Lepidoptera, but the 
labipalpi minute or obsolete.” (A’né. Mag. vol. il. p. 327.) I cannot, 
however, find the least analogy between the oral organisation of the 
Strepsiptera and the tubularly developed elbowed mouth of the Di- 
ptera, the labium of which is greatly elongated; whereas, on the 
contrary, there seems to me much greater resemblance, in this 
respect, between the Strepsiptera and Lepidoptera, the labium in both 
being soldered flatly to the head, the acute mandibles, as they have 
been termed in Stylops, being exactly represented in some of Linnzean 
Bombyces, by the short rudimental maxillz, and the large articulated 
* Professor Peck asks what can be the use of these instruments: they are not 
strong enough to enable the insect to cut its way through the paper cells of the 
wasp’s comb: can they be useful in opening the sides of the larva for depositing 
the eggs? Neither of these suggestions are, however, applicable to Stylops. 
