326 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
to injure their collections by sacrificing them to the dissecting knife. 
There are, it is true, still some Lepidopterists who insist upon the 
inutility of inquiries into the preparatory states, and the sufficiency 
of characters from the imago, especially M. Duponchel (Ann. Soc. 
Ent. de France, 1837), but it appears to me that nowhere are they 
of more value than in the present order, for as Boisduval well observes, 
“ Les organes, qui, dans les autres ordres, jouent le premier role dans 
l’établissement des coupes, sont dans celui-ci d’un faible sécours.” 
(Hist. Nat. Ins. Lépidopt. vol. i. Introd. p. ii.) 
Messrs. Denis and Schiffermiiller in an anonymous work published 
at Vienna in 1776, being a systematic catalogue of the Lepidoptera 
found in the environs of that city, have employed the larve exclusively 
to characterise the divisions of the order to which, however, they 
gave no names, but simply indicated them by letters, almost every 
one of which constitute modern genera. Their arrangement is as 
follows. 
Srurnx divided into seven families. A. Larve acrocephale: Sph. ocellata (Sme- 
rinthus). B. Amplocephale: Sph. Convolvuli (Sphinx). C. Maculate: Sph. 
Euphorbie (Deilephila). D. Opthalmice: Sph. celerio (Stirps Eumorphe Hub- 
ner). E. Elongate: Sph. Stellatarum (Macroglossa). E. Subpilose: Sph. Api- 
formis (Sesia). G. Phaleniformes ; Sph. filipendule (Zygena). 
Bomeyx divided into 20 families. 1. Larve with 16 feet. A. Larve sphingiformes : 
Bom. versicolora (Endromis). B. Verticillate : Bom. Pyri (Saturnia). C. Tube- 
rose: Bom. Rubea (Penthophora Germar). D. Nodose: Bom. Salicis (Leucoma 
Steph.). E. Ursine ; Bom. Caja (Arctia Schr.). F. Celeripedes: Bom. lubricipeda 
(Spilosoma Steph.). G. Fasciculate : Bom. pudibunda (Dasycheira Steph.). H. 
Cristate : Bom. curtula (Clostera Hgg.). I. Collarie : Bom. Quercifolia ( Gastro- 
pacha Ochs.). K. Villose : Bom. Quercus (Lasiocampa Schr.). L. Pilose : Bom. 
lanestris (Eriogaster Germ.). M. Subpilose: Bom. Bucephala (Pygera). N. Lig- 
nivore: Bom. Cossus (Cossus). O. Radicivore: Bom. Humuli (Hepialus).  P. 
Noctuiformes : Bom. Cassinea (Petasia Steph.). Q. Geometriformes: Bom. Palpina 
(Pterostoma Germ.). R. Gibbose: Bom. Dromedarius (Notodonta). 2. Larvee 
with 14 feet. S. Furcate: Bom. Vinula(Cerura). T. Cuspidate: Bom. Sicula 
(Platypteryx). 3. Larvae without conspicuous feet. U. Limaciformes: Bom. 
Testudo (Limacodes). 
Nocruaz. 1. Larve with 14 feet. A. Larve tentaculate ; Noe. Ulmi (Uropus). 
2. Larve with 16 feet. B. Bombyciformes: Noc. tridens (Acronycta). C. Ti- 
neiformes: Noc. Quadra (Lithosia). D. Rhomboide: Noc. Paliolalis (Hereyna). 
E. Pubescentes: Noc. Alge (Bryophila). FF. Corticine: Noe. bimaculata (Mi- 
selia). HH. Tenuistriate : Noc. flavicincta (Polia). I. Variegate ; Noe. Absinthii 
(Cucullia). K. Albosparse : Noe. exoleta (Xylina). L. Albopunctate : Noe. in- 
stabilis (Orthosia). M. Albilateres: Noe. Pistacina (Orthosia B. Steph.). N. 
Terricole:: Noc. suffusa (Agrotis). O. Largo-striate ; (several groups). P. Ob- 
liquo-striate : Noc. meticulosa (Phlogophora). Q. Arctostriate : Noc. Comma 
(Leucania). R. Seutellate; Noe. vaceinii (Cerastis). S. Ochrocephale: Noe. 
