LEPIDOPTERA. — RHOPALOCERA. 339 
Thus it will be seen that there are five principal groups, typified 
by the genera Papilio, Heliconius, Nymphalis, Polyommatus, and 
Hesperia. 
Latreille has also made various suggestions as to the correlativeness 
of these different groups; as, for instance, the connection of the true 
genus Papilio with the variegated Danaides on the one side, and the 
Parnassii on the other. He suggests, also, that the diurnal Lepidoptera 
may be divided into two principal groups, according with the sus- 
pended or girt position of the chrysalides. 
By this proposed distribution of the butterflies into two principal 
divisions, the Erycinz and Polyommati would be united with the 
Hexapoda of Latreille, an arrangement which we shall see has been 
partially adopted by Dr. Horsfield. 
Mr. Swainson, in an attempt to arrange the butterflies according to 
the quinarian views of MacLeay (published in Taylor’s Phil. Mag. 
March, 1827), has given the following plan of distribution, in which 
the first and fifth families are related in the majority of their charac- 
ters; and it will be seen that they agree with Latreille’s typical 
groups above mentioned. 
Pupa braced, and 
naked 
Pupa braced, and 
folliculated 
2, Aberrant group Pupabraced; larve onisciform ; anterior 
legs semiperfect 
Pupa suspended ; anterior legs imperfect 5. Heliconiide. 
1. Typical group Pupa suspended ; anterior legs imperfect 1. Nymphalide. 
UH Ne 2, Papilionide. 
anterior legs perfect fe Sigenend os 
4, Polyommatide. 
Here we find, however, the Hesperiide intervening between the 
Papilionide and Polyommatidz, which agree in their braced naked 
pupz ; and, notwithstanding the relation of such insects as Leptocircus 
Curius*, and many of the tailed Erycinide and Thecle.+ 
Dr. Horsfield, whose views upon the distribution of the butterflies 
are founded upon a very comprehensive view of the characters of the 
insect, in all its stages, and especially with reference to the quinarian, 
circular, and analogical principles of MacLeay, has divided the section 
* Mr. Swainson places this insect in the genus Urania! (Zool. Illustr. pl. 106.) 
+ In the Zool. Illustrations (fol. 135.) Mr. Swainson has given the following as the 
five families of butterflies ; — 
1. Typical. Papilionide. 
2. Subtypical. Nymphalide. 
3. Aberrant. Hesperiidae, Erycinide, Satyride. 
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