LEPIDOPTERA. — RHOPALOCERA. 843 
which are said to cause irritation when touched similar to the bite of 
a Centipede, which they also resemble in their terrific appearance. 
This spinose character, which is but slightly developed in Melitca, 
more strongly in Argynnis, and which reaches its maximum in Va- 
nessa, is pre-eminently typical of the stirps, and clearly distinguishes 
it from the next stirps which has been united with it by most ento- 
mologists. The pupa is naked and angulated, greatly diversified on 
the surface, and ornamented with golden or shining dots, and it is 
generally suspended by the tail, with the head directed downwards. 
The palpi of the perfect insects, which are the types of the stirps, 
project beyond the head, the last joint being distinct and downy ; 
the antenne are of moderate length, with an abrupt club, broad and 
compressed in the typical species ; the anterior feet are spurious and 
imperfect, and applied to the under side of the thorax. Vanessa is 
typical of this stirps, which passes off to the next by Apatura, Lime- 
nitis, &c. The normal genera are Euploea, Idea, Acraa, Vanessa, 
Cynthia, Melitcea, Argynnis, Biblis, Limenitis, and the aberrants 
Heliconia, Hetzra? Libythea and Neptis ? 
In the Tuysanurirorm stirps the darva is characterised by two 
rigid sete or spines, varying in length and size, appended to the pos- 
terior extremity of the body, and pointing directly backwards, as in 
the Lepisme. The pupa is smooth, shining, diversified in form, and 
attached by the tail only. The perfect insects are remarkable for the 
prevalence of a brown colour, which in many species assumes a bril- 
liant blue gloss; their palpi and feet nearly resemble those of the pre- 
ceding stirps ; their antenne are filiform, with a slender and very 
gradually incrassated club, which occupies a very large portion of 
their entire length. The normal genera are Apatura, Paphia, Amathusia, 
Morpho, Melanitis, Hipparchia, Nemeobius (forming the transition 
to Erycina?), and the aberrants are Cethosia and Brassolis. This 

This gradual change of character which takes place in the metamorphosis of the 
second stirps, as it approaches the confines of the third, is confirmed by the struc- 
ture of the anterior feet, Heliconia and Idea forming the union, having an inter- 
mediate character, these organs being abbreviated in both these genera; the tarsi not 
distinguishable into five joints, but the joints being united, and their situation 
indicated by several spines crowded together ; but on entering the Chilopodiform 
stirps, the anterior feet of both sexes are constructed on a different plan, not being, 
as in Colias and some of the Vermiform stirps, partially reduced in size, but 
spurious and imperfect. 
Zz 4 
