a 
346 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
Section 3. Invotutr. Chrysalis enclosed in a cocoon; antennz distant at the 
base, six feet in both sexes; caterpillars with the neck narrowed. 
Tribe 15. Hesperides. 
The tribes Erycinides and Nymphalides require a more correct 
investigation into their preparatory states, so that it will, perhaps, be 
considered necessary still further to split them; thus the larva of Va- 
nessa and Apatura, in the latter tribe, are very different. M. Bois- 
duval commences the arrangement with the genus Papilio, although 
he considers it would be natural to commence the series with the 
Tetrapoda, as is the custom amongst the German Lepidopterists, and 
to place the Hexapoda before the Hesperides. In this case the Sus- 
pensi would commence the series, and the Succincti would precede 
the Involuti; but, as it is impossible to arrange all these genera in a 
continuous line, it is immaterial with which the arrangement is com- 
menced. Dr. Horsfield, we have seen, commences his arrangement 
with the Lycenides, or Vermiform stirps, considering them the most 
simple of the whole tribes of butterflies ; but, as he adopts the circular 
views of Macleay, it is equally immaterial from what point of the 
circle he starts. 
After this revision of the arrangements of the chief modern Lepi- 
dopterists, my account of the different groups into which the butter- 
flies are divisible must necessarily be short. Anxious to place the 
classifications of the different orders on the same footing, I shall not, 
with Dr. Horsfield, adopt primary divisions with the family termi- 
nation in idz and secondary divisions named from analogical relations, 
neither shall I, with Boisduval, adopt so great a number of tribes, 
founded, in many cases, as it seems to me, upon characters which, 
although in one part of the order they may possess great weight, in 
others become almost valueless. More especially shall I hesitate to 
admit the propriety of regarding as distinct groups such as agree 
together in the general characters of the perfect state, but disagree 
in the form of the larva. This latter, we have seen, is the chief 
character of one of Dr. Horsfield’s stirpes, whereas the single genus 
Papilio possesses several very striking forms, and Doritis (Parnassius ) 
is as much entitled to a primary rank as Hipparchia, its caterpillar 
being much farther removed, even from the Papilionideous type, than 
that of Hipparchia, possessing, although the latter does, a forked tail, 
like a Lepisma. It will be seen, on reviewing the arrangements noticed 
above, that whilst Papilio, Lycaena, Nymphalis, and Hesperia are ad- 
