356 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
the entire body. The caterpillars of Vanessa (fig. 98. 2.) are armed 
with long and rough spines, arranged in transverse whorls upon the 
segments, except the first. Those of the fritillaries are also similarly 
armed, but have two long spines on the neck. Those of Lime- 
nitis* have the segments furnished with fascicles of hair down the 
sides; and several of the segments have also a pair of obtuse hairy 
spines on the back. 
The species of this family are extremely liable to sport into varie- 
ties. This is especially the case with the Hipparchiz, in some species 
of which scarcely two individuals are alike. The fritillaries, also, are 
very subject to vary; and the varieties have occasionally been de- 
scribed as distinct. Several interesting varieties have been figured 
by Curtis, Stephens, and by the Rev. W. T. Bree (Mag. Nat. Hist. 
vol. v. p. 667. and 749.). 
Mr. Newport has described and figured some singular minute 
papill arising in great numbers upon the extremity of the maxill 
of V. Atalanta, as well as the hooks by which the two maxilla are 
held together. (Art. “Insecta,” in Cycl. Anat. Phys. 1839, p. 35.) 
M. Wesmael has described and figured a singular gynandromor- 
phous individual of Argynnis Paphia, in which the right side has the 
characters of the ordinary male, except that the outer margin has a 
row of spots as in the female. The fore wing on the left hand 
exhibits “un mélange de la coloration du male et de celle de la 
varicté femelle, le valaisien ;” and the hind left wing is exactly co- 
loured as in the female of that variety. (Bull. de 1 Acad. de Bruzelles, 
tom. iv.) Ochsenheimer has described a nearly similar individual of 
the same species. In my late travels on the Continent, M. Wesmael, 
of Brussels, showed me a specimen of Nymphalis Populi, described 
and figured by him in the same work, which, although arrived at the 
perfect state, still retains the head-cover of the larva, beneath which 
he discovered the cephalotheca of the chrysalis, and beneath this the 
head of the imago.+ (Jbid. tom. iv. No. 8.) 
* M. Duponchel has published a memoir upon Limenitis Sibilla, with figures, in 
the Annales Soc. Linn. Paris, 1827. Mr. Curtis’s figure of the larva of L. Camilla 
is asserted by a writer in the Entomol. Mag., No. 18., not to belong to that species. 
+ Muller, in Der Naturforscher, st. 16., has described a similar circumstance 
occurring in one of the Noctuide. 
