LEPIDOPTERA. —~— SPHINGIDZ. 365 

joint being generally almost indistinct (fig. 102. 4. lab. palpi of Deil. 
Celerio); the labrum and mandibles are minute (jig. 102. 2.); the 
maxillary palpi are minute and 3-jointed in Sphinx Celerio (jig. 
102.3.) and Ligustri, according to Savigny and Newport ; the body is 
long, and acute behind, the wings, especially the hinder pair, small ; 
the caterpillars are naked, cylindrical, and 16-footed; they are ordi- 
narily furnished with a short horn on the back of the eleventh seg- 
ment; they are also ornamented with pale oblique stripes upon the 
sides of the body (fig. 102. 9. larva of Smerinthus Tilie). They 
descend into the earth to become pupe, which are naked, conical, and 
often furnished with a detached horn, containing the spiral tongue, 
extending upon the breast (fig. 102. 12. pupa of Sph. Ligustri), 
which is, however, wanting in those species which have the tongue 
short (fig. 102.13. front of body of pupa of Smerinthus Tiliz). The 
wings are retained in their situation during flight, by means of the 
spring and socket above described (fig. 102. 8., and see ant?, p. 318.). 
Various modifications occur in the characters of the imago in this 
family. The antennz in Smerinthus are serrated and ciliated, 
especially in the middle and in the males; the labial palpi have the 
second joint slender in Daphnis Nerii, but very much swollen in 
Deilephila and Smerinthus. The maxillz vary considerably in length, 
exceeding that of the entire body in Sphinx, but scarcely exceeding 
that of the head in the Death’s-head hawk moth (Acherontia Atropos 
Jig. 102. 7. head of ditto), and in Smerinthus not longer than the 
labial palpi; this variation in length corresponds with the rapidity of 
flight, and the habit of the insects of extracting the nectareous juices 
of tube-bearing flowers by means of their elongated tongue. The 
extremity of the abdomen is, in some species, elongated, and very 
