376 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
having the antenne gradually attenuated to the tip or setaceous), and 
is distinguished by having the antenne very short and filiform (jig. 
104. 13. ant. of Hepialus Humuli ¢ ), never feathered to the tip; the 
spiral tongue is either obsolete or very short); the palpi are also ge- 
nerally obsolete (fig. 104. 12. headof H. Humuli @ ); the abdomen 
is elongated, as are also the wings, which are deflexed in repose, 
the extremity of the former being attenuated into an ovipositor of 
considerable length, so as to be capable of being withdrawn, or intro- 
duced into the crevices of the bark of trees, &c.; the thorax is 
never crested; the nerves of the wings are far more complicated than 
in any of the preceding groups (jig. 104. 16. nerves of Hepialus 
Humuli 2). The caterpillars are fleshy, naked grubs, with a few 
straggling hairs; they are 16-footed (having 6 pectoral, 8 ventral, 
and 2 anal feet ; fig. 104.10. larva of Hepialus obliquus). They feed 
upon the wood of standing trees, or the roots of vegetables. When full 
grown, they construct a cocoon of the morsels of wood or vegetables 
upon which they have been feeding. 
The abdominal segments of the chrysalis are armed with trans- 
verse rows of fine reflexed spines, which assist the insect whilst 
pushing itself to the day, immediately before assuming the perfect 
state. 
This and the two following families constitute Mr. Stephens’s 
group of Pomeridiana, consisting of the four families Hepialide, 
Notodontide, Bombycide, and Arctiide, the circular arrangement 
of which is proposed to be effected in the following manner (Syst. 
Cat. Introd. p. xi.). 

Pygera. Hepialus. 
Notodonta. IT. Cossus. I. 
Endromis. Zeuzera : Oiketicus. 
Aglaia. Pysche. 
Saturnia. Limacodes. Nudaria. 
Lasiocampa. III. LEutricha. Ve Penthophora. 
Cnethocampa. Dasychira. Arctia. 
Kriogaster. Hypercampa. 
Callimorpha. 
The species of the typical genus Hepialus (fig. 104. 11. H. obli- 
quus) have the antenne very short, and either simple or serrated. 
They are called Swifts, from the rapidity of their flight, which takes 
place during the twilight; the sexes vary very considerably in ap- 
pearance and structure; those of the typical species, H. Humul, are 
