380 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
ally obsolete structure of the mouth, which is often destitute of palpi; 
and the maxilla, when present, are so small as to be useless, and not 
spirally folded up (fig. 105. 4. head of Saturnia Pavonia major 
beneath, showing the rudimental state of the mouth ; in fig. 105. 1., head 
of Bombyx (Minyas) Polygoni Savigny, the labial palpi, fig. 105. 3., 
are distinct, but the maxille, fig. 105. 2., are very short); the body is 
very thick and hairy (fig. 105. 6. thorax of Saturnia Pavonia major, 
the striated part being one of the tegule, and the dotted part the 
metathorax); the antennz of the males are generally very strongly 
bipectinated to the tip (jig. 105.14. antenna of Saturnia Pavonia 
major ¢; fig. 106. 1. one of the joints of ditto showing its double bi- 
pectinations) ; the wings are large, and either extended horizontally 
or deflexed at the sides, the costa of the posterior pair extending 
beyond that of the anterior; the thorax is not crested, the legs are of 
the ordinary structure ; but Dalman has described a North American 
species (B. cyllopoda) in which the hind legs are spurious, like the 
fore legs of the Nymphalide (Anal. Entomol. Obs. vol. ii. p. 102.). 
The larve are naked (fig. 105. 10. larva of Bombyx mori), and often 
have a transverse series of warts upon each segment, each furnished 
with a diverging coronet of hairs (fig. 105. 13. young larva of Sa- 
turnia Pavonia minor) ; they are 16-footed, having six pectoral, eight 
ventral, and two anal feet ; they do not inhabit portable cases ; their 
food consists of the leaves of various plants. They enclose themselves 
in cocoons of pure silk, frequently of a firm and rigid texture, and 
which is rarely subterranean. The pupe are not armed with transverse 
series of rigid points upon the abdominal segments (jig. 105. 11. pupa 
of Bombyx Mori). The males, according to Mr. Stephens, in general 
fly swiftly in the day-time, from about noon to four or five o’clock in 
the afternoon, and again in the evening; but the females are very 
sluggish and inactive. The prevailing hues are grey or fawn colour, 
and many of the larger species have the wings ornamented with eye- 
like spots. 
The larger species of the family, which have the wings extended 
horizontally whilst in repose, were formed by Linnzus into a separate 

Guilding. Nat. Hist. of Oiketicus, in Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xv. 
Guérin, in Mag. Zool. 1831. (Deser. Gymnautocera. ) 
Bulletin de Ferussaec, May 1831. (Bombyx Hieracium); and the general works 
on Lepidoptera above referred to. 
