402 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 

especially the middle joint, which is curved above, the last joint 
being short, and often more distinct and exposed: they are never 
recurved, but generally form a short beak in front of the head (fig. 
111. 16. head of Cochylis rupicola Curtis ; 17. labial palpus of the 
same); the spiral tongue is short in the majority. The body is 
slender ; the thorax rarely crested; the antennz simple, or slightly 
ciliated in a few species (fig. 111.5. part of antenna of Hylophila 
guercana; 18. ditto of Cochylis rupicola). The fore legs, in the ma- 
jority, have a central tibial spur (fig. 111. 13.), the intermediate 
tibize one pair of terminal spurs (fig. 111. 14.), and the hind tibia a 
pair at the middle, and another at the tip (fig. 111. 15.). The wings 
in some species (Peronea, Sarrothripus, &c.) are ornamented with 
small tufts of scales ; and those of the genus Peras cf Treitschke are 
deeply notched in the fore margin. The larve are naked fleshy 
grubs, with 6 pectoral, 8 ventral, and 2 anal feet, which, for the 
most part, take up their abode in a leaf, curled up by the insect itself, 
and fastened with silken threads, forming a cylindrical tube, open at 
each end, which thus serves them for abode and food (De Geer, Mém. 
tom. i. pl. 27.; and Réaumur); others frequent the young buds and 
shoots of various plants, fastening several of the leaves together so 
firmly as to impede its growth. Others, again, reside within the 
pulpy substance of various fruits, especially the apple and plum, to 
which they are occasionally very detrimental. 
This family offers a striking instance, proving that the largest and 
most conspicuous insects in a group are not to be considered as 
necessarily constituting its pre-eminent types. Here we find the 
Tortrix prasinana Linn. (fig. 111. 1.— Hylophila pr. Hé.) to be the 
largest species; but, if we examine its characters (in any of its 
