042 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
various memoirs; Dr. Burmeister has also added the descriptions of 
many genera and species in his Handbuch der Entomologie. Lin- 
nus united them into two genera — Fulgora, characterised chiefly by 
its porrected head ; and Cicada, dividing the last-named genus into, 
1. Foliacee (or the g. Membracis Fabr.); 2. Cruciate (Centrotus and 
Ledra) ; 3. Mannifere, “non saltantes,” or the true Cicade ; 4. Rana- 
tre, “ saltatorie ” (C. sanguinolenta, spumaria, &c.); and 5. Deflere 
(comprising an heterogeneous assemblage of species). Latrcille, with 
greater precision in the characters of the sections, divided them as 
follows (Régne Animal, tom. v. p. 212.) :— 
A. Chanteuses. Antenne 6-jointed; ocelli3. (Cicada Oliv. or Tetti- 
gonia Fabr.) 
B. Muettes. Antenne only distinctly 3-jointed ; ocelli 2. 
1. Fulgorelles. Antenne inserted beneath the eyes ; forehead 
often rostrated. 
2. Cicadelles. Antenne inserted between the eyes. 
Dr. Burmeister has added a fourth group, by separating Membracis, 
&c. from the Cicadelles; his groups being, 1. Cicadellina; 2. Mem- 
bracina; 3. Fulgorina; and 4. Stridulantia. I have, however, pre- 
ferred following the arrangement of Latreille, not considering the 
Membracides as sufficiently distinct from the other Linnaan Rana- 
tre ; dividing the section, therefore, into three families, — Cicadide 
(Cicadiidze Leach), Fulgoride Leach, and Cercopide Leach. 

The first family, CicAbIp&*, corresponds with the Cicade + man- 
niferee Linn., the Chanteuses of Latreille, and the Stridulantia of Bur- 

* Bisriocr. Rerer. To THE CICADID&. 
Cleyer. De Cicadis Indicis, in Ephem. Mise. Acad. Nat. Cur. 1687. Obs. 49. 
Germar, in Silbermann, Rev. Ent. vol. ii. (Monogr. Cicad. ) 
Olivier. Encycl. Méth. art. Cigale. 
L. Dufour. Rech. Anat. sur 1. Cigales, Ann. Sci. Nat. tom. v. 
Meckel. Anat Cie. Plebeia in his Beitr. zur Vergl. Anat. b. 1. 1808. 
And the general works of Stoll, Germar, Encycl. Méth., Fabr. (Syst. Rh.), Bur- 
meister, Guérin, Brullé, Donovan, &c. 

+ The Latin name Cicada is derived by Beckman from the word cicum or 
