HOMOPTERA. — CICADID. 4:25 
of Cicadez, that I entertain no doubt as to the correctness of the de- 
scription which I have given of these parts. My fig. 114. 138. repre- 
sents an organ connected with the ovipositor, and placed within the 
tip of the terminal dorsal segment of the abdomen, which has been 
overlooked by all authors, but which appears to me to be the anus? 
the two terminal conical parts of which it is composed, opening with 
a slit in the middle. 
The female Cicada deposits from five to seven hundred eggs ; 
making choice of dead dried branches for their reception, being ap- 
parently aware that moisture would injure her progeny: the situ- 
ations in which the parent insect has bored into the branches, and 
introduced her eggs, may be recognised by being covered with 
little oblong elevations, caused by small splinters of wood detached 
at one end, but left fixed at the other; these elevations are mostly 
in a line, but sometimes in two lines, at equal distances apart, and 
form the covering of so many burrows, about one third ef an inch 
long, each containing from four to ten eggs. M. Pontedera asserts 
that the parent closes the mouth of these burrows with a layer of gum 
impervious to the air *, but Réaumur considers this not correct. The 
young grubs, when hatched, are stated by Réaumur to resemble the flea 
inform. He also observed that the eggs were attacked by the larve of 
an ichneumon, which he also found in the burrows. The young larve 
have six feet, and make their escape out of the opening of the cell left 
by the parent for that purpose, descending immediately into the earth, 
where they increase in size, in the form of hexapod grubs, furnished 
with a cylindrical proboscis and thick fore legs (fig. 114. 14.), and 
where they are transformed into active pupa, differing only from the 
larvee in having the rudimental wings visible at the sides of the body 
(fig. 114. 15.). In this state they were known to the ancients, Aris- 
totle calling them Tettigometra, or mother of the Cicada. The two 
fore segments of the thorax (T 1. and T 2.) are well developed, and 
the metathorax (rT 3.) is transverse, and although short, is seen from 
above ; the abdomen is composed of eight segments ; the meso-sternum 
is produced into a large tubercle (jig. 114. 15. x), which is also found 
in the imago ; the antenne are thicker than in the imago, and 9-jointed 
* This statement probably had its origin in the supposed production of manna 
upon trees, resulting from the puncture of the proboscis of the imago of Cicada orni ; 
whence Linnzus named these insects Mannifere. M. L. Dufour, however, doubts 
whether this statement is well founded. 
