4.26 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
(fig. 114.16.) ; the fore legs are very robust, and fitted for digging, 
with very large coxe, strongly toothed femora, raptorial tibize, 2-jointed 
tarsi, the basal joint being very small (jig. 114. 17.); the pupa (de- 
scribed by the editor of the Crochard ed. of the Régne An. Ins. pl. 
95. f. 2.a, and other French authors, as the larva) does not exhibit any 
rudiments of the sexual peculiarities of the imago. During the winter 
these immature insects burrow to the depth of two or three feet into 
the earth, and from all the recorded observations it appears that it is 
from the roots of plants that they derive their subsistence. In the 
pupa state they were eaten by the ancients, Aristotle stating, “ quo 
tempore gustu suavissimee sunt, antequam cortex rumpatur.” In the 
perfect state they were also eaten, the same author adding, “ et ante 
coitum mares suaviores sunt, a coitu feminee quippe que ova candida 
gustu habeant grata.” 
Of 150 species of these insects contained in the Royal Museum of 
Berlin, 70 are from America, 50 from Africa, 25 Asia, including Java, 
10 South Europe, and 6 or 8 New Holland: thus it is chiefly in the 
tropical parts of the world that the largest and greatest number of 
species are found, those found in the centre of Europe being but 
small; one species only, of comparatively small size, is found in this 
country, which has been supposed to be the C. hematodes Lznzn., 
but which Mr. Curtis has figured under the name of Cicada Anglica, 
(fig. 114. 1.). It is found in the New Forest. Mr. Curtis thinks this 
species does not sing, because a specimen kept in confinement by Mr. 
Dale for two or three days was mute. Kirby and Spence, however, 
were informed that it is very noisy, and analogy would lead to the 
belief that it does sing, the drums of C. Orni not being comparatively 
larger than in this species. Weaver found the pupa case of this in- 
sect attached by the legs to the stem of a fern, upon the roots of 
which he, as well as Curtis, supposes that the larva feeds. (Mag. Nat. 
Hist. No. 29. and Ent. Mag. vol. ii. p. 436.) 
Cicada septendecim #’ab., an American species (so named because, 
according to Kalm, Swed. Trans. 1756, and Travels, 2. 6., it appears 
only once in seventeen years, and then in inconceivable numbers), 
does great damage both to fruit and forest trees in the United States. 
This species is still eaten by the native Indians. Collinson, in Phil. 
Trans. 1764, 54. 10. 65. See also Hildreth, on the Cicade of Ohio, 
in Brewster’s Hdinb. Journ. of Science, vol. xi. 1828. The septende- 
cenary appearance of this insect has recently been confirmed by Dr. 
