428 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
ployed in the Cicadz for the production of sounds *; the antenne are 
inserted immediately beneath the eyes, and the forehead is often sin- 
gularly dilated in the form of a muzzle, varying in shape in the dif- 
ferent species, and in some nearly equalling the rest of the body in 
length. 
This is a much more numerous family than the preceding, and the 
species exhibit considerably greater modifications of form, comprising 
in fact some of the most singular of the insect tribes. In the typical 
genus Fulgora the head is dilated in front into the most remarkable 
porrected protuberances, varying in each species (fig. 115. 5. head 
of F. laternaria sideways, 6. ditto of F. diadema), and which is the 
part of the body asserted by various writers to emit a strong light 
by night, analogous to that of the fire-flies; in others, again, this part 
of the head is recurved in the shape of a horn (jig. 115. 7. head of 
Aphana nigro-maculata sideways,8  itto in front) ; others, again, have 
it simple, but broad, with thef ront edge raised and acute ; in many of 
the smaller species the face is longitudinally carinated (fig. 115. 11. 
head of Asiraca clavicornis in front); the antenne are generally very 
smal] (fig. 115. 2. 9.), but in some they are considerably elongated ; 
the ocelli appear to be wanting in Otiocerus (fig. 115. 10.), Peeciloptera 
Issus, and Asiraca (jig. 115.11.). The first of these genera (or Cobax 
Germar) is remarkable for possessing two small palpiform appendages 
beneath the eyes, and attached to the base of the antenne (fig. 115. 
10.), of which the uses are unknown, and which have been found in 
no other insects. The proboscis varies considerably in length, being 
in some nearly equal to the whole body, and in others very short ; the 
wings also differ very much in form, those of some species of Flata 
and some of the allied genera having them very broad and rounded» 
or triangular, and sometimes with the hind margin emarginate: they 
also differ in their position in repose, in some being very much deflexed 
and in others carried horizontally, the latter having much the appear- 
ance of moths (fig.115.16. Ricania —?); there is also considerable 
difference in the veining of the fore wings (fig. 115. 1. and 18.), but in 
general they are very thickly reticulated: the spurs of the hind feet 
* Kirby and Spence, on the authority of Stedman’s Surinam, assert that Fulgora 
Jaternaria makes a loud noise in the evening, like that made by a razor-grinder, and 
that the Dutch in Guiana call it scare-sleep. Dr. Hancock, however, states that 
the razor-grinder, or the Aria Aria of the natives, is a species of Cicada. (Proceed. 
Zool. Soc. June 24, 1834.) 
