HOMOPTERA. — FULGORIDE. 42 
are large; in some of the smaller species which perform great leaps, 
they are very large and toothed (fig. 115. 14.); the tarsi are 3-jointed 
(fig. 115. 3 and 4.), In some species, also, the fore legs are curiously 
dilated, as in some Asiracz, and especially in Laporte’s minute Cali- 
scelis heterodoxa. 
The species of this family emit the white waxy secretion * above 
alluded to, and in some species to a remarkable extent: such is 
the case with Phenax variegata, Lystra auricoma Al. (Burm. Gren. 
Ins. 1.1.), L. lanata, &c.; many Flata, &c. This production is 
collected by the Chinese, and employed in the manufacture of 
the fine white wax so much esteemed in the East Indies. The in- 
sects by which this is produced are the immature states of a species 
of Flata (probably of F. nigricornis, as supposed by Donovan ; my 
fig. 115. 15.). Du Halde, in his Histoire de la Chine, speaks of this 
production: “ De la cire blanche faite par des insectes et nommée 
Tchang pe la +, c'est a dire, cire blanche d’insectes. A? dit, ce sont de 
petits insectes qui la forment : ces insectes succent le suc de l’espéce 
darbres nommé Tong tein, et a la longue ils le changent en une sorte 
de graisse blanche, qu‘ils attachent aux branches de l’arbre. Il y en 
a qui disent que c’est la fiente de ces insectes qui s’attachant a l’arbre 
forme cette cire, mais ils se trompent. On la tire en raclant les 
branches dans la saison de l’automne ; on la fait fondre sur le feu, et 
layant passée, on la verse dans l'eau froide ou elle se fige et se forme 
en pains. On Ja méle avec de I’huile, et on en fait des chandelles. 
Elle est beaucoup supérieure a celle que font les abeilles.” 
“ Chi tchin dit, les insectes sont fort petits ; quand le soleil par- 
court les quinze derniers dégrez des Gémeaux, ils se répandent en 
grimpant sur les branches de I’arbre ; ils en tirent le suc et jettent par 
la bouche une certaine bave, qui s’attachant aux branches encore ten- 
* This secretion, which is either cottony, or arranged in lamelle is evidently ana- 
logous to the wax secretion of bees; it has not, however, yet been analysed. It 
appears to be generally secreted from all the parts of the outer covering of the body, 
but in some species, particular orifices are destined for this purpose. Thus, in 
Chermes (Psyila) abietis the cottony filaments are emitted from minute oval eavities 
on the dorsal part of the abdomen, each segment having four arranged transversely, 
and which under a high power exhibit minute tubercles pierced at the summit with 
a minute orifice. 
+ Some writers have siated that this Pela is produced by a species of Coccus ; and 
the account given by Chi tchin evidently alludes to a species of that family, Coccide 
(probably Ceroplastus) ; Sir G. Staunton’s account clearly refers to a different 
creature: probably several species are thus used. 
