HOMOPTERA. — CERCOPID. 433 
fore wings differ. in their consistence, but the majority have them 
strongly veined, forming cells closed before reaching the extremity 
of the wing (jig. 116.9. fore-wing of Centrotus). This type of 
neuration occurs in both subfamilies, as does also the mode of neur- 
ation of the hind wings. ‘The hind tibiz vary in structure, being in 
some nearly simple (fig. 116.17. post. tibia of Centrotus) ; in others, 
furnished with a few strong spurs (fig. 116. 18. post. tibia of Cer- 
copis); and in many being triangular or quadrangular, each angle 
emitting strong spines (fig. 116. 19. part of post. tibia of Ceelidia). 
The tarsi are 3-jointed (fig. 116. 12.). The abdomen of the females 
is furnished with a multivalve ovipositor, variable in its form in the 
different species (jig. 116.5. apex of abdomen beneath of Ledra 
aurita @, 116.4. ditto ¢). 
The species are often beautifully varied in their colours; they are 
constantly found amongst plants, and on trees, upon the juices of 
which they subsist, in all their states, by introducing their rostrum 
into the stems or leaves; the larve being entirely destitute of any 
appearance of wings, and the pupa having them rudimental. 
One of the best-known insects in this family is the Aphrophora 
spumaria Germ., a species of small size, which frequents garden 
plants, the larva and pupa (fig. 116. 14.) investing themselves with 
a frothy excrementitious secretion (jig. 116. 15.), which has given 
rise to various fancies: ‘ Cuculorum nascuntur spumo,”’ was the 
notion entertained by the ancients ; whilst the modern names “ frog- 
hopper” and ‘ crachat de grenouilles,” indicate their supposed origin 
from another tribe of animals. The history of this species has been 
traced by Swammerdam, De Geer (in Swed. Trans. 1741; and in 
his Mém. tom. iil.), and Rosel. 
A species of Aphrophora (A. Goudotii Bennett) is also found in great 
quantities upon trees in Madagascar, the larva of which has the power 
of emitting a considerable quantity of clear water, especially in the 
middle of the day, when the heat is greatest. (See Proceedings of the 
Nat. Hist. Soc. Mauritius, Sept. 12.1832; and Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- 
don, Jan. 22. 1833.) 
The history of an allied species, Cercopis sanguinolenta, the most 
beautiful insect of the order found in this country, has also been in- 
vestigated by Goeze in Der Naturforscher, st. 6. and by Schrank in 
Schrift d. Berlin Gesch. Natur.-freund. b. 2. 
I have already alluded (ante, p. 224.) to the statement of M. Lund, 
VOL. II. FOE 
