HOMOPTERA. — COCCID&. 4.4.5 
excrescences called galls *: such, at least, is the case with many of 
the females in the typical groups. The males ( fig. 118. 7. Pseudoccus 
W., Cacti Z.), on the other hand, become winged ; but, like certain of 
the Ephemeride, to which they are most analogous, they possess but 
a pair of wings (carried horizontally in repose, one covering the other, 
as in fig. 118.8.), and are furnished with two very long anal sete. 
The mouth, also, of the males in the perfect state is completely obso- 
lete. The female is, however, furnished with a very short 3-jointed 
promuscis, arising, as it were, from the breast, emitting several sete 
(four, according to my examination, three, according to M. Percheron, 
Jig. 118. 11.), capable of being greatly porrected, and inserted into 
the bark or stems of trees ; the antenne in this sex are short, subse- 
taceous, inserted before the eyes, generally composed of from eight 
to eleven joints ; and the body is apterous, ovate, globose, or shield- 
shaped (fig. 118. 17. Coccus Cypreola ? Dalm., 18s. C. gibba ? D.), 
often densely clothed with a white, downy, or waxen secretion, va- 
riously arranged (fig. 118. 20. Dorthesia cataphracta ? ). The males, 
on the other hand, have the body elongate and depressed (fig. 118. 
7.), the three parts quite distinct ; the head small and rounded; the 
eyes composed of about ten small grains, placed irregularly, or com- 
posite, the ocelli wanting ; the antenne more or less elongated; the 
thorax wide, with a large scutellum ; the abdomen often furnished with 
an elongated style, as well as the two sete; others have the abdomen 
terminated by a long brush of very delicate white filamentous sete. 
The wings are large, having a strong subcostal nerve, with a slender 
discoidal longitudinal nerve, emitting an elongated branch near its 
base ; behind this pair of wings is attached a pair of minute halteres, 
terminated by a short seta, which represent the hind wings. The 
tarsi consist of a single joint+, terminated by a single claw. 
These insects, which are ordinarily of very small size, are amongst 
the most injurious to the interests of the horticulturist and arbori- 
culturist: their powers of propagation are excessive ; and when they 
once gain possession of a plant or young tree, its death is almost cer- 
tain; the minute size of the larva rendering it impossible to extermi- 
* In these respects it will at once be perceived that these insects offer a striking 
analogy with the class Cirrhipeda. 2 
+ Dalman fancied he perceived three joints in the tarsi of C. eryptogamus; and 
I made a similar observation in one of the tarsi of C. aceris; probably the tarsus 
consists of the three normal joints soldered together. 
