478 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
abdomen much dilated at the sides, and not covered by the wings. 
In Macrocephalus the scutellum entirely covers the wings.* These 
variations of structure are dependent upon the various habits of the 
different groups ; thus, the Aradi are found under the bark of trees, 
for which their very flattened form well fits them; the Tingides are 
found upon various plants and herbs, upon which they subsist, whilst 
the Macrocephali and Phymate are also found on plants and trees +, 
but they are described as feeding upon other insects, as the raptorial 
structure of their fore legs well indicates. Tingis clavicornis is de- 
scribed by Réaumur (Mém. 3. pl. 34. f. 1—6.) as attacking the flowers 
of Teucrium Chameedrys, of which it prevents the blossoming, causing 
them to swell out to a disproportionate size. T. Teucrii of Host, in 
like manner, injures the flowers of Teucrium supinum (Jacquin, Col- 
lect. tom. ii. p.255.) T. Pyri attacks the leaves of the pear, and is 
known by the French gardeners under the name of “ le tigre.” 
All the species are very slow in their motions; although Phymata 
crassipes is stated by L. Dufour to fly with agility, and to emit no 
scent. 
In the memoir above referred to, Réaumur has figured the pupa of 
T. clavicornis, which has rudimental wings, extending half the length 
of the abdomen. De Geer has also figured the pupa and imago of an 
allied species ( Mém. tom. iii. t.16. f.1—6.). Int. 15. f. 16—19., he 
has also figured the larva and imago of Aradus Betula. In the for- 
mer the three thoracic segments are fully developed. L. Dufour 
has figured the larva and imago of a species, under the name of Ara- 
dus avenius, which is certainly identical with the Aneurus levis Curt. 
This species is remarkable for having the wing-covers almost desti- 
tute of veins; the larva has the abdomen marked with six longitudinal 
series of ocelli-like black spots, the two middle rows being the largest 
(Rech. Anat. Hemipt. pl. 4. f.36—41.) Mr. Ingpen has given me 
a larva, exactly agreeing with this figure, which he found in company 
with Aneurus levis. I also possess the pupz of several species of 
Tingis, one of which has the sides of the head, thorax, hemelytra, 
and abdomen beset with short spines: the others are unarmed. 
* T have given a monograph of this and some new allied subgenera to the Ento- 
mological Society. The g. Discomerus Lap. is founded upon the structure of 
female antenne of Phymata. 
+ Ph. erosa is found commonly in the streets of New York, having fallen from 
the trees growing therein, as I am informed by Mr, Lewis, : : 
