HETEROPTERA. — LYGEHIDZ. 481 
flight* ; this is the Cimex apterus Linn. (Pyrrhocoris calmariensis of 
Fallen, who has altered the specific name in consequence of its being 
thus inappropriate ; fig. 121. 8. ‘specimen with fully developed wing- 
covers, 121. 9. wing-cover of the ordinary form). This insect is 
found throughout Europe, occasionally in the greatest profusion. 
Such was the case, some years ago, on some little islands at Torquay 
in Devonshire, and also on a rock in the sea off Teignmouth, which, 
Mr. Curtis says, looked quite red with them. I found them in like 
profusion in the neighbourhood of Berlin, in September 1835, especi- 
ally in the gardens of the palace of Charlottenburg, the walks of which 
swarmed with them: at this time they were engaged in sucking fallen 
berries and seeds+, as well as such of their companions as had been 
trodden under foot ; at this time, also, I found some of the insects in 
the pupa state. From the details of the habits of this insect published 
by Hausmann (Illiger, Mag. vol. i. p. 229—491., translated by Brullé 
in Hist. Nat. Ins. tom.ix. p. 374.) it appears that they are even oc- 
casionally found crawling about the boulevards of Gottingen in Janu- 
ary; they seem very sociable, collecting in little groups. Hausmann 
also observed their partiality for dead insects, and that they would 
not attack living ones. He also noticed that they undergo three 
moultings previous to their arrival at their ordinary perfect state ; he, 
however, adds, that the winged or perfect specimens moult four times, 
acquiring wings only after the last moult: this would imply that the 
ordinary individuals are in the pupa state; but, from what has been 
already observed upon this subject, I have no doubt that the real pupa 
of these winged specimens differs entirely from the ordinary speci- 
mens, and would possess much shorter rudiments of wings, as well as 
2-jointed tarsi, whereas the ordinary individuals possess three joints. 
Lygeus brevipennis Zatr. (belonging to the genus Aphanus, Pachy- 
merus, Schill.), 2\so, ordinarily occurs with abbreviated hemelytra, but 
which I have found with them perfect, as well as with wings. 
* Mr. Curtis notices that climate seems to have a great influence in perfecting 
the wings, since he never found them winged in this country, although he took 
several winged in the South of France, — thus confirming the remarks made in 
previous pages as to the effect of heat in analogous cases. Linnaus, however, 
found a winged specimen in Kalmar, a Swedish prov ines, £ in a latitude equal to the 
middle of Scotland. 
+ L. Dufour states that it is partial to the Malvace, of which it pricks the cap- 
sules, and that it does not emit any disagreeable scent. 
VOL. II. Lt 
