DIPTERA. — CULICID. 507 
assuming the pupa state, which somewhat resembles the perfect insect, 
except that the limbs are enclosed in distinct sheaths, and folded upon 
the breast and convoluted beneath the wing cases. 
This stirps comprises only two families, Culicide and Tipulide ; 
the first of which so closely approximates to the aquatic Tipulide 
in all respects except the structure of the trophi, that Meigen, fol- 
lowing Latreille, unites them into one section of the Tipulariz. Mac- 
quart also, in his last work, has sunk the former as a distinct family, 
observing that the discovery of an elongated proboscis in his Tipu- 
lideous genus Aporosa (to which he might have added my Limno- 
biorhyncha and Haliday’s Geranomyia), and of maxillary sete in 
Glochina and Boletophila, rendered the characters of the Culicide 
of less importance than had been given to them. (Dzpt. Exot. p. 28.) 
The blood-sucking propensities of the Culicidee are, moreover, met with 
in several of the small Tipulidee, especially Simulium. I must, however, 
observe, that the Culiciform Tipulidz are certainly the nearest allied to 
the Culicide, and there is evidently a great hiatus between them. 

The family Cuxrtcipm* (or g. Culex Linn.; jig. 124. 1. Culex 
pipiens + @) is distinguished from the other Nemocera, by having 
the parts of the mouth produced into a slender porrected ros- 
trum, which is nearly half the entire length of the insect, and 
slightly thickened at the tip. This proboscis, simple as it ap- 
pears, in reality consists of no less than seven distinct piecest, 

* Brstiocr, REFER. TO THE CULICID®. 
Robineau Desvoidy. Essai sur la Tribu des Culicides, in Mém. Soe. d’Hist. Nat. 
Paris, tom. iii. 1827. 
Leach, Descript. of three Sp. Culex, in Zool. Journ. vol. ii. 
Fischer. Notice sur la Larve du Culex claviger, in Mém. Soc. Imp. Natur. de 
Moscow, tom. iv. 
Roffredi. Mém. sur la Trompe du Cousin, &c., in Miscell, Soc. Taurinensis, 
tom. iv. p. l. 
Stephens, in Zool. Journ. vol. i. No. 4. (Culex, Anopheles). 
Meigen. Abbild. aller bek. Europ. Zweifl. Ins. Hamm. 1830, Heft 1. 
Vollmar, in Gistl’s Faunus, No. 2. 
And the general works of Meigen, Macquart, Wiedemann, Fabricius, &c. 

+ Mr. Haliday has suggested to me that the gnat of Lapland is the true C. 
pipiens, and is confined to high latitudes, not being found in England.  C. pipiens 
Meig. is quite distinct. C. detritus Hal. is nearest allied to the northern species, 
{ Leuwenhoek says four, Réaumur five, Swammerdam and Latreille (in the Fa- 
