514 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
pears to me, however, from a careful examination of the structure of 
these organs in Tipula oleracea, that the first or basal joint is the true 
analogue of the maxille. The body is long and slender, the head 
rather small, the eyes generally apart, the antennz very variable in 
length, the legs long and slender; the alulets (owing to the weakness 
of the flight of these insects) are mostly obsolete. The larve vary 
considerably in form, in order that they may be adapted to their 
several and peculiar habits. Whilst some of these insects are so 
closely allied in all their states to the preceding family, that Latreille 
in the Genera Crustaceorum, and Meigen, united the Culicidz with 
the present family, others, as Bibio, &c. in their more robust form, 
short antenne, &c. evidently approach the succeeding families. The 
species which appear to be the types of the family are consequently 
the larger individuals in the family ; such as Ctenophora, Pedicia, and 
the true Tipule, which are vulgarly termed Daddy-long-legs. M. 
Macquart has noticed the curious relation which exists between the 
characters of the larva and imago, in many of these insects, instancing 
the occurrence of plumose antennz only in those species which live in 
the water in the larva state, and elongated coxz only in the species 
with fungivorous larve. 
Latreille has divided this family into five minor groups: Culiciformes, 
Gallicoles, Terricoles, Fungivores, and Florales *; all of which, ex- 
cepting in the relative situation of some few anomalous genera, appear 
very natural; their progression, however, appears capable of being 
rendered more natural by placing the Fungivores immediately after 
the Gailicoles (the genera Lestremia, Molobrus, &c. forming the 
passage), by introducing Cordyla amongst the Fungivores, and Lasi- 
optera amongst the Gallicoles, and by uniting the Terricoles with 
the Fungivores by means of Boletophila. 
The subfamily Curronomiprs Mcg. (Culiciformes Lar.) has 
the body long and slender (fig. 124. 8. Chironomus plumosus ¢ ), 
the antennz slender, filiform, and strongly ornamented with hairs, 
especially in the males (except in Hydrobzenus J’ries, and probably 
Spheromias Curt.), forming a large triangular brush (fig. 124. 10. 
* Meigen divided the Tipulide into eight sections: 1. Culiciformes ; 2. Galli- 
cole; 3. Noctueformes (Psychoda); 4. Rostrate (Terricole); 5. Fungicole ; 
6. Lugubri (Molobrus, Sciara) ; 7. Latipennes (Simulium); and 8. Musceformes 
(Florales). In his last work, M. Macquart has adopted all these divisions except 
the 6th and 7th, and has added another, consisting of the genus Rhyphus. 
