DIPTERA. — CHIRONOMIDES. 517 
semble in a mass, and form tortuous tubes, which unitedly compose an 
irregular mass at the bottom of the water, formed of particles of decom- 
posed leaves: those which he has figured (vol. iii. pl. 14. f. 11—16.) 
appeared to have been chiefly spun. The pupa differs from that of 
the preceding genera, by having five long, slender, and pilose filaments 
on each side of the thorax, and the abdomen is terminated by a thick 
pencil of hairs. * 
De Geer has figured (Mém.tom. vi. t. 22. f. 14—20., t. 23. f.1, 2.) the 
transformations of another species, which is referred by Macquart to 
the Chironomus stercorarius Meig., the larvae and pupz of which en- 
tirely differ from that of C. plumosus in structure, as well as in the 
place of their abode, the larva residing in dung, and being perfectly 
cylindrical (my fig. 124. 15.), without any filamentous or tubercular 
appendages, and the pupa (my jig. 124. 16.) of the ordinary incom- 
plete form, without any thoracic or anal filaments or lobes, and the 
feet not confined to the body. In these respects, therefore, this insect 
evidently belongs toa genus distinct from Chironomus (if, indeed, 
there be not some error in De Geer’s observation). 
The genus Ceratopogon, placed in this subfamily by Meigen and 
Macquart, is removed to the following by Latreille ; its transformations, 
indeed, totally vary from those of the Culiciformes, with which, however, 
it agrees in having the male antenne partially feathered. M. Guérin 
has observed the transformations of two of the speciest (Ann. Soe. 
Ent. de France, vol.ii. pl. 8.); the larvee (fig. 125.1.) are cylindric, with 
the segments rather constricted, the anterior part of the body rather 
thicker; the head is small and retractile; each segment of the body is 
furnished on the back with two clavate sete; these larve are not 
aquatic, but were found under the damp bark of dead trees ; the pupa 
(fig. 125. 2.) is shorter than the larve, and much broader in front, 
with two short lateral appendages. The cast skin of the larva partially 
* The genus Hydrobenus Fries ( Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. 1829, tom. ix., and Jsis, 
1831) has the male antennze not plumose; its larva, however, closely resembles 
that of Chironomus plumosus, but the penultimate segment has two dorsal fila- 
ments with long terminal hairs, and the pupa is figured without the thoracic 
filamentous sete. 
+ Mr. Haliday informs me that Ceratopogon geniculatus Guer. (whieh he has 
also reared) is C, bipunctatus Lin.; and that he has reared C. trichopterus from 
larve (much more hairy) found under boleti on old planks ; adding that Guérin’s 
figure, though exact enough as to general character, does not express the specific 
character of the larva very well, but the figure of the imago discriminates it. 
LL 3 
