518 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
serves as a covering for the abdomen of the pupa. The larva and 
pupa of Ceratopogon lateralis, figured by Bouché (Naturg. tab. 2. 
f. 1—12.), (the former of which was found in rotten manure), differs 
in several respects from Guérin’s description, especially in the larva 
wanting the clavate seta, but possessing two pediform appendages to 
the prothorax and anal extremity ; the pupa has also eight long filiform 
appendages on the back of the thorax, which serve to represent those 
at the side of the thorax of the Chironomi. Some of the minute 
species of Ceratopogon have the habit of inflicting very sharp wounds 
in the naked skin with their proboscis, sucking blood as greedily as the 
Culicide ; and in the allied genus Spheromias Curt. all the parts of 
the mouth are as perfectly developed as, although shorter than, in the 
Culicide. (See also Fischer’s Oryctograph. Gouvernm. “Moscou, for 
a memoir on Ceratopogon. ) 
The second subfamily, CecrpomyinEs (Gallicoles Zaér.), is dis- 
tinguished by the antenne being for the most part more or less mo- 
niliform, especially in the males (fig. 125. 3. Cecidomyia lutea? 3 ; 
Fig. 125. 

fig. 125.4. part of its 24-jointed antenna), and composed of thirteen 
joints at the least (fig. 125. 5. head and antenna of Cecidomyia 9 ), and 
simply ornamented with a few short verticillate hairs; the legs are 
long, and not armed with spines, the basal joint of the tarsi very mi- 
nute, the eyes lunate, the ocelli wanting; the wings furnished with but 
few nerves, and either carried flat on the back or roof-like when at 
rest. These insects are of very small size, residing in their preparatory 
states in gall-like excrescences, which they produce upon various 
plants ; thus, as well as in their minute size, and the almost veinless 
wings, offering a striking analogy with the true Hymenopterous gall- 
flies (Cynipide). Their larve being terrestrial, are not furnished 
