DIPTERA. — BIBIONIDES. 527 
Réaumur, however, had long previously figured the pupa (Mém. 
tom. v. pl. 6. f. 1, 2, 3.). 
De Geer has also described and figured (.Wém. tom. vi. pl. 20.) the 
transformations of another remarkable species (which also resides in 
the water), which appears to have been overlooked by all subsequent 
authors, although sufficiently proving that the species in question 
(Tipula replicata Linn., placed by Macquart in the genus Limnobia) 
belongs to a distinct genus. The larva (fig. 126. 10.) resembles those 
of the water moths Hydrocampa, in having the body furnished with 
numerous long filamentous processes which evidently appear (from his 
fig. 7. and my fig. 126. 11.) to be internally supplied with air-tubes. 
The pupa is also remarkable on account of the singular apparatus of 
hooks upon the back of the three or four terminal abdominal seg- 
ments; the imago is also peculiar from its habit of having the hind 
margin of the wing folded back upon the anterior part. 
De Geer has likewise figured (Mém. tom. vi. tab. 24. f. 1—14.) the 
transformations of another species, which has also been neglected by 
subsequent writers, the larva and pupa of which bear a much closer 
resemblance to those of the Culicide than to the Tipulides; the tail 
of the larva is, however, singularly furnished with lobes and sete ; the 
imago, judging from the general form and veins of the wings appears 
to me to belong to the genus Dixa.* The species is named Tipula 
amphibia in the German edition of De Geer. * 
The subfamily, Bistonipes Macq. (Florales Latr.) is distinguished 
from all the other Tipulide, by having the body and legs shorter and 
more robust (jig. 126. 12. Bibio Marci 2? ); the antenne (fig. 126. 14.) 
seldom longer than the head in both sexes, thick, cylindric, monili- 
form or perfoliated, and composed of from eight to twelve joints; the 
wings are large; the eyes in the males are large and generally con- 
tiguous (fig. 126.13. head of Bibio g ); the palpi are 4-jointed except 
in the genus Scatopse, in which they are described as possessing but 
a single joint; the tarsi in Bibio have three pulvilli (fig. 126. 15.). 
* Mr. Haliday has confirmed this opinion; suggesting to me that De Geer’s 
species is Dixa cincta. The same gentleman has also communicated to me a figure 
of the larva of the winter midge, Trichocera hiemalis; it closely resembles my 
Jig. 124. 15., except that the hind extremity of the body is mueh more acuminated, 
and terminated by five small conical points; and the head oyal, with two very short 
lateral lobes. The species whose mode of extrication from the pupa-case is described 
in the Mag. of Nat. Hist. for February, 1840, by J. B., is a species of this genus, 
the author having forwarded me a specimen. 
