572 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
ing with those of the Anthomyzides rather than with the Creophile; 
the larvae feeding upon dead animal matter or upon plants, either alive 
or in a state of decomposition. ‘The species of Scatophaga revel upon 
excrement, in which also they deposit their eggs, which are of an oval 
form, but have two broad divergent appendages at the upper end; the 
object of which appears to be to prevent them from sinking in the 
matter in which they are deposited. The larve of this genus are co- 
nical, broadest behind, with the last segment armed with twelve or 
fourteen fleshy points. (Bouché, Naturg. p. 93, 94.; see also Réaumur, 
Mém. tom. iv. pl. 27.) 
The species of Sapromyza, as the name implies, are developed in 
animal matters in a state of decomposition, whilst the larve of Helo- 
myza live in fungi; that of H. tuberivora, the largest species in the 
genus, inhabits the truffle. This larva, observed by Réaumur (Mém. 
tom. iv. pl. 27. fig. 13—16.), has two hooks at the anterior extremity, 
which, as well as the posterior extremity, bears two spiracles. 
Bouché has observed the transformations of Sepsis cylindrica and 
Leachii, the larvee of which reside by thousands in human excrement. 
They are cylindrical, attenuated in front, with the terminal segment 
conical, bearing two spiracles. The pupa is shorter, with the two 
spiracular appendages of the terminal segment elongated, with a short 
point on their upper side. Mr. Haliday informs me that the larva and 
pupa of S. cynipsea do not resemble Bouché’s characters of the other 
species. They have the posterior extremity attenuated and forked, 
the spiracles terminating the branches ; thus approaching the form of 
Ephydra. 
The larva of Dorycera graminum is aquatic ; it lives amongst the 
leaves of water plants, and is of a green colour. The pupa is brown, 
the front furnished with two small horns, and a tubercle is placed on 
each side, near the middle of the body. De Geer has figured the 
larvae and pupz of several subcutaneous species (.)/ém. tom. vi. tab. 5. 
fig. 8—16.), but omitting the perfect state. 
The larva of Ortalis Cerasi feeds on the pulpi of the cherry 
(Réaumur, Mém. tom.ii. pl. 38.); that of Dacus Olez feeds on the 
olive, and often commits great injury. It is known to the natives of 
Provence under the name of Chiron; it is of a whitish colour; its 
mouth is furnished with two hooks; it at first feeds on: the young 
leaves, but afterwards penetrates into the fruit. (See the memoirs of 
Passerini on this insect in the Giornale Agrario Toscano, No. 10.; 
