DIPTERA. — NYCTERIBIIDE. 585 
horse, as well as occasionally upon oxen; Lipoptena Cervi * Mitzsch 
(Ped. Cervi Panzer Ins. Germ. 51.15.), upon the stag; Melopha- 
gus ovinus (fig. 133.11.) upon the sheep. Lipoptena Phyllostomatis 
Nitzsch ( Voyage of Prince Maximilian of Bavaria; and Perty, Del. 
An. art. Bras. pl. 37. fig. 16.), infests a Brazilian species of bat. The 
genus Strebla, of which I possess several species, are likewise pa- 
rasitic upon the same tribe of animals, as are also all the Nycteribie. 
Nitzsch also describes a minute insect which is parasitic upon the 
honey bee, as a “ genus Epizoicum Dipteris affine,” under the name 
of Braula ceca, in which the head is vertical, broad, triangular, with 
antenne apparently resembling those of Stenepteryx, each being 
formed of two lobes; the eyes and ocelli are wanting, the thorax 
short, bipartite, apterous ; the abdomen continuous, with the latter 
broader and oval ; legs six, short with 5-jointed tarsi. It is figured by 
Ahrens in his Fauna, fasc. 6. Nitzsch only notices that of four hive 
bees given to him by Keferstein, each was infested with a single Braula, 
but M. Stern, whose observations are given by Kollar, observed as 
many as eleven on a single queen bee. ( Treatise on Obnox. Ins. Transl. 
p- 74.) Authors have overlooked the figures given of this insect by 
Réaumur (Mém. tom. v. pl. 38. jig. 1—4.). 
Various remedies are suggested by Kollar against the attacks of 
such of these insects as infest domesticated animals or birds. ( Treatise 
on Obnox. Ins. Transl.) See Réaumur (Mém. vol. vi. 14th Mém. 
pl. 48.) Hipp. Equina, tom. iv. 3d Mém. pl. 11. (Stenepteryx Hirun- 
dinis) ;— De Geer (Mém. vol. vi. tab. 16. Hippob. equina and Orni- 
thomyia avicularia);— Lyonnett, Posth. Researches, pl. 1, 2, 3. (Melo- 
phagus ovinus);— Dufour, in the memoirs above referred to; — and 
Curtis (Brit. Ent. pl. 14. 122. 142. 421. 585.), for further details of 
these insects. 

The second family of the stirps Pupipara (NycTErRiBiIpDz +) 

* This species possesses very short rudiments of wings and halteres. In Melo- 
phagus ovinus (fig. 133. 11.) both the wings and halteres are wanting, being the 
only instance I am acquainted with, except in the species of Molobrus noticed by 
Mr. Haliday under the name of Chionea venatica, in which halteres are wanting. 
(See Generic Synopsis ; Molobrus. ) - 
{+ Brstiocr. Rerer. tro rae Nycrerisupé. 
Montague, in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, t. 11. 1813. (Nyeteribia). 
VOL. II. QQ 
