XYLOPHAGA, TEREDO. 45 
local, but very abundant. The usual size is about 1 inch 
long by 1? broad in specimens from stone or hard clay, but 
when the matrix is soft clay large specimens may sometimes 
be got, my largest being 13 by 3 inches (barely); and Mr. 
Robertson has a monster from Balloch Bay, measuring about 
37 inches broad, thus approaching the dimensions attained 
during the glacial epoch. American naturalists have unfor- 
tunately “resurrected” Leach’s generic nickname Zirphea 
for this species. 
British distribution —Common, but local, throughout the 
whole of Scotland and north of England and Ireland, becom- 
ing scarcer in the south. None of the Pholades are eaten in 
this country, but are esteemed elsewhere. 
Foreign localities—Throughout northern Europe as far 
south as the Atlantic coast of France (Aucapitaine). In 
America it is recorded from New Jersey (Gould), St. Law- 
rence (Whiteaves and others), California and Puget Sound 
(Carpenter). 
XYLOPHAGA, Turton. 
Xylophaga dorsalis, Turton. 
Teredo dorsalis, Turton ; Pholas xylophaga, Deshayes. 
Habitat—Throughout the district; common. No piece 
of wood, however small, seems to escape the attacks of this 
destructive borer. The finest specimens I have seen were 
obtained by the late Major Martin from the old dockgates 
of Ardrossan Harbour, which were utterly destroyed by the 
joint attacks of Xylophaga, Teredo, and Limnoria. 
British distribution.—Throughout our seas—north, south, 
east, and west—wherever a suitable dwelling place exists. 
Foreign localities—From Norway (Lovén and others), 
throughout Denmark, France, Spain, Portugal, the Mediter- 
ranean and Adriatic. 
FAMILY TEREDINIDA, Fleming. 
TEREDO, Sellius.+ 
Teredo Norvegica, Spengler. 
Teredo Norvegicus, Spengler ; Teredo navalis, Montagu (not 
Linné). 
Habitat—Frequent throughout the district, in logs cast 
on shore and in the piles of quays. It is, however, seldom 
met with in such positions as to make its extraction easy. 
+ Sellius, being pre-Linnean, ought, strictly speaking, to be discarded as 
an authority. 
