Hlemiptera-fleteroptera. 3 
Capsus laniarius ; the ocelli, wings, and frequently the claws 
are not fully developed until the final state is reached ; 
and in the Pentatomide the number of antennal joints is 
only four in the larval and five in the imaginal state; the 
insect is said to go through three changes of skin after it 
leaves the egg before it reaches the imago; after the first 
the larva increases in size and the rudiments of wings 
appear under the skin, according to Burmeister ; after 
the second the wing pads, as Packard terms them, 
increase in size, and this stage is called the nymph 
or pupal state; after the third moult the imago appears. 
Packard (“Guide Study Ins.” (1883), p. 518) says:— 
“The embryological development of such Hemipteraas have 
been observed corresponds very closely with that of certain 
Neuroptera,” and he places them between the Coleoptera 
and Orthoptera—a position which they seem to occupy very 
naturally. 
Fossil Hemipteran—From Mr. Goss’s papers on this 
subject, the Hemiptera seem to have appeared first 
at the close of the primary or palzozoic period ; early in 
the Secondary or Mezozoic period they began to be abun- 
dant and widely distributed. The first known appearance 
of the Heteropterous Hemiptera is in the Lias; the species 
found there have been referred to the Genera Cimex and 
Belostoma; in the upper Oolite and also in the upper 
Eocene period they seem to have been abundant, as well as 
throughout the Miocene. 
InTERNAL ANATOMY. 
The internal anatomy of the Hemiptera, though like that 
of the Coleoptera in many respects, differs in several 
essential particulars. ‘The food passes from the groove in 
the rostrum directly into the cesophagus, there being no 
apparent pharynx, according to Burmeister, as in the 
Coleoptera ; the salivary ducts discharge into the cesophagus 
close to its origin; the salivary vessels are usually four in 
B 2 
