igso.] G. A. BouLENGER : Frogs of the Gemis Rana. 9 



narrower than the upper ejelid ; tihia 3 to ^ tnnes as long as broad ; 

 nasal bones large and in contact with each other or narrowly separated. 

 Fingers pointed ; toes entirely webbed ; male with in- 

 ternal vocal sacs ... ... ... ... /?. p/ancy!, Lataste. 



Fingers obtuse or obtusely pointed; toes f to entirely ^ .■5»te«^w»^j 



webbed; male with external vocal sacs ... ...' R. esculenta, i.. a.t . V„.,.:. 



Fingers obtusely pointed : toes § webbed ; male with 

 external vocal sacs and a very large flat gland on the 



side of the body ... ... ... ... R. plcurailen, BIgr. . __, 



b. Canthus rostralis distinct ; interorbital space at least | the width of the ^h^.,^^., ~ " 



upper eyelid ; nasal bones small and widely separated from each other ; fl^ *~ 

 male with internal vocal sacs. 

 Head as long as broad or a little broader ; tympanum 

 J to 4 diameter of eye • tibio- tarsal articulation reach- 

 ing tip of snout or a little beyond; tibia 3 to 4 



times as long as broad ; toes entirely webbed ... R. graJiami, Blgr. — 



Head as long as broad or a little broader ; tympanum 

 f to Y diameter of eye : tibio-tarsal articulation reach- 

 ing nostril, tip of snout, or a little bej'ond ; tibia 



4 to 5| times as long as broad; toes i to J webbed .. R. japonica, Gthr. 

 Head longer than broad ; tympanum f to f diameter 



of eye ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond tip 

 of snout ; tibia 55 to 6 times as long as broad ; toes 



5 webbed ... ... ... ...■'■ R. longicrus, Stejn. 



n. Outer metatarsals bound together in their basal third or half ; tibia 4 to 4i 

 "' times as long as broad ; tibio-tarsa! articulation reaching anterior border 

 of eye or between eye and tip of snout ; toes i to 4 webbed ; tympanum 

 f to J diameter of eye. 

 Heels strongly overlapping; inner metatarsal tubercle 

 compressed, very prominent, j to f length of inner 

 toe ... ... ... R. lateralis. Blgr. 



Heels not overlapping ; inner metatarsal tubercle less 



than 5 length of inner toe .. ... ...■■ R. okinavaiia, Boettg. 



B. Omosternal style forked at the base ; outer meta- 

 tarsals united in their basal half ; tibia 33 to 4 

 times as long as broad ; Cjbio-tarsal articulation 

 reaching tympanum or eye ; toes J to i webbed ; 

 tympanum ^ to once diameter of eye ; male with 

 external vocal sacs and a humeral gland ...• R. rnalabarica, Tsch. 



The synopsis is not an artificial key merely for the ready 

 identification of the species ; although I trust it will answer that 

 most important purpose, it also aims at conveying the expression 

 of what I conceive to be the true relationships from a phyletic 

 standpoint. These relationships are best expressed by the follow- 

 ing attempt at grouping the species into natural sections : — 



A. Ran.\e HEX.A.DACTYLAE. The most generalized type, from 

 which the three following sections, as well as the genus Oxyglossus, 

 maj' be conceived to have been derived. 



R. hexadactyla, R. cyanophlyctis. 



B. Ranae TiGRiNAE. Lead to Tomofterna. 



R. verruculosa, R. cancrivora, R. tigrina, R. verrucosa, R. lim- 

 nocharis, R. greenii, R. brevipalmata. 



C. Ranae grunnientes. Lead to Discodeles. 



R. grnnniens , R. macrodon, R. magna, R. modesia, R. micro- 

 tympanum, R. doriae, R. macrognathus , R. pileata, R. plicatella, R. 

 hascheana, R. limborgii, R. microdisca, R. palavanensis, R. narina. 



