THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND THE CLOACA. 99 
Chap. VIII—THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND THE 
CLOACA OF THE FROG. 
A. The Male Frog. 
1. The Reproductive Organs. (Fig. 3.) 
Pin the frog on its back under water: open the body cavity 
From the ventral surface: turn aside or remove the alimentary 
canal and liver. 
i. The testes: a pair of yellow oval bodies about 
a quarter of an inch long, lying on the ventral 
surface of the kidneys : within these are developed 
the essential male elements or spermatozoa. 
ii The vasa efferentia: a number—usually 10 to 
12—of slender ducts, connecting the testis of 
each side with the inner or median border of the 
corresponding kidney: they serve to convey the 
spermatozoa from the testis into the tubules of 
the kidney, from which they escape by the 
ureter which acts as vas deferens. 
iii, The vas deferens or ureter: runs along the outer 
side of the posterior part of the kidney and then 
back to the cloaca. 
iv. The vesicula seminalis; a large pouch-like dilata- 
tion on the outer side of the vas deferens, just 
below the kidney and before reaching the cloaca. 
2 The Cloaca. 
Lay the frog on its back: cut through the femur on each side 
with strong scissors just below its head: cut also through the two 
ilia at their necks just in front of the acetabula. Carefully 
dissect away the pelvic symphysis, which 1s now isolated, from the 
muscles attached to it and from the cloaca, and remove tt com- 
pletely, taking care not to injure the cloaca. 
i, The cloaca: really the terminal portion of the large 
intestine into which open the ureters, the genital 
ducts, and the bladder. 
