14 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES 
a boat in front; it is attached by the tail on a perpendicular branch, and fastened with a loose silken thread 
round the middle of the body ; the pupa state lasts about a fortnight. This butterfly occurs commonly in various 
parts of England, as far north as York, Windermere, and Newcastle ; but Mr. Duncan states that it has not 
yet been found in Scotland. ° 


GENUS IV. 
COLIAS, Fasrrcis. 
The species of this genus, like the preceding, are distinguished by the brilliant yellow or orange colour of 
their wings ; but they are more or less bordered at the tips with black, and are never angulated. The fore wings 
exhibit also on both sides a discoidal black spot, and the posterior a central spot, which is orange above and 
generally silvery beneath. The antennz are short, nearly straight, gradually clavate to the tip, which is truncate ; 
the palpi are shorter than in Goniapteryx ; the head has no frontal tuft ; the fore wings are sub-triangular, and 
the posterior are rounded ; the fore-legs are alike in both sexes; the tarsal ungues bifid, and the pulvilli very 
minute. (A highly magnified figure of the ungues and their appendages is given in the Crochard Edition of the 
Reégne Animal, Insectes, pl. 132, fig. 3, c). The caterpillar is naked, elongate, cylindric, very finely setose and 
tubercled ; the chrysalis rather short, subangulated, gibbous, slightly beaked in front, attached by the tail and 
by a girth behind the thorax. 
From the great similarity of some of the numerous species of this genus and their apparent variation, much 
confusion has occurred in the investigation of the British species ; Mr. Stephens describing four (exclusive of 
P. Paleno, Linn., a reputed British species, and P. Helice, Haw., a presumed variety of C. Edusa), whilst Mr. 
Curtis only admits two. The Rev. W. Bree has published a memoir on the British species in the Magazine 
of Natural History, No. 26. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE II. 
Insects. —Fig. 1. Colias Edusa (the clouded-yellow Butterfly), the male. 2. The female. 3. The Caterpillar. 4. The Chrysalis. 
Ke Fig. 5. Colias Hyale (the pale clouded-yellow B.,) the male. 6. The female. 7. The Caterpillar. 
se Fig. 8. The pale female variety of C, Edusa, considered by some authors as a distinct species under the name of C. Helice. 
9. 
Prants.—Fig. 9. Sylibum Marianum (Milk-thistle). 10. Festuca gigantea (Giant fescue grass). 
In this plate I have given both male and female of two of our most brightly-coloured native butterflies, and have been careful, by placing 
C. Edusa and C. Hyale on the same plate, to show the marked and striking difference of the two species, the former being of a rich orange- 
colour, whilst the latter is ofa pale sulphur 3 notwithstanding which, by bad colouring and other defects, they have been completely confused in 
many other works. They are all from fine specimens, particularly the female Edusa, from the collection of Mr. Westwood. The C. Helice, 
or pale female variety of C. Edusa, is from an Italian specimen in my own collection, but it differs in no respect from the pale English 
varieties. H. N. H. 
