AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 17 
SPECIES 3.—COLIAS EUROPOME? THE CLOUDED SULPHUR BUTTERFLY. 
Plate 3, fig. 4—6. 
Synonymes.— Papilio Europome, Villers Ent.2, 17, 19,and 4, 408, Papilio Paleno, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2,764? Hubn. Pap. pl. 86, fig. 
19? Esper Schmetterl. J, pl. 42, Suppl. 18, fig. 1, 2, and pl. 100, | 434,435? Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lep. 1, p. 645? 
cont. 55, fig. 5? Haworth Lep. Brit. p. 13. Stephens Mlust. Eurymus Europome. Swainson Zool. Ilust. n. ser. pl. 70. 
Haust. pl. 1 *. 
In the opinion of the best modern Entomologists, Papilio Europome and Paleno are identical; the latter 
especially inhabits Sweden, as well as the Alps and Pyrenees. Martyn, in his Aurelian’s Vade-Mecum, introduced 
P. Paleno as a British species; and Mr. Haworth, in his Lepidoptera Britannica, P. Europome, on the authority 
of the cabinets of Francillon and Swainson. In the Butterfly Collector's Vade-Mecum, it is said to occur in 
meadows and roadsides near Ipswich ; and in the Entomological Magazine, it is stated to have been noticed in the 
meadows near the confluence of the Avon and Severn, flying with great swiftness in August. Its claim, however, 
to be regarded as indigenous, is still denied by several of our principal Entomologists; and Mr. Curtis 
asserts that Mr. Stephens’ specimens from the collection of Francillon, mentioned above, and figured by him in 
his Illustrations, pl. 1 *, are identical with the North American C. Philodice. Mr. Swainson also, as quoted 
above, has described and figured the individuals in his father’s collection, which had been mended with the 
heads of Goniapteryx Rhamni, and which he states that he could not distinguish from C. Philodice. 
As however there is a great resemblance between C. Philodice and C. Europome (or Paleeno), and as the 
latter is a native of Sweden, and therefore not unlikely to occur in England, we have not thought it proper to 
reject it, especially since we have admitted Papilio Podalirius and Parnassius Apollo. The following is a 
translation of M. Boisduval’s description of the Swedish species C. Paleno, or Europome, which it will be 
serviceable to compare with that of Mr. Stephens, drawn from the asserted American specimens :— 
“* Rather smaller than C. Hyale. Upper side of the wings of a slightly greenish yellow, with a rather broad 
black border, slightly sinuated on the inside, narrowed in the hind wings, and often not extending beyond the 
middle of the limb ; the anterior having at the extremity of the discoidal cell a small blackish circle, oblong, more 
or less marked, rarely wanting, or replaced by a blackish dot ; the posterior wings with a small whitish discoidal 
spot. The under side of the fore wings differs from the upper in having the margin replaced by greenish yellow 
or reddish colour, and in the small discoidal circle being more decided. The under side of the hind wings is entirely 
of a reddish yellow, or greenish, with a silvery white discoidal spot, slightly circled with ferruginous. The fringe 
of the four wings and the costa of the anterior beneath is bright rose-coloured. The body is of a blackish yellow 
or greenish, with the prothorax rosy, the antennz rosy, with the club darker coloured and yellow at the tip. The 
female differs from the male in having the ground colour of the wings nearly white or yellowish-white on the 
upper side.” The larva is described by Zetterstedt as pubescent, green, with yellow lines and black dots. The 
pupa is unknown. 

SPECIES 4.—COLIAS CHRYSOTHEME? THE SMALL CLOUDED YELLOW BUTTERFLY. 
Plate 3, fig. 1—3. 
Synonymes.—Papilio Chrysotheme, Esper, 1, pl. 65, fig. 8, 4? 
Colias Chrysotheme, Stephens, Ilustr. Haust. pl. 2, fig. 1, 2. 
Colias Edusa, var. Curtis, Duncan. 
The insects regarded as this species by Stephens have been considered by several subsequent writers as small 
D 
