AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 33 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VII. 
Insrcts.—T'ig. 1, Parnassius Apollo (the Apollo or crimson-ringed Butterfly). 2. Showing the underside. 3. The Caterpillar. 
4. The Chrysalis. See pages 11 and 12 for the description of this insect. 
Ce Fig. 5. Aporia Crategi (the black-veined white B.). 6. The female. 7. The Caterpillar. 8. The Chrysalis. 
Prants.—Fig. 10. Sedum Telephium. 11. Crategus oxyacantha (Hawthorn). 
Though not in the order of the latest arrangements, I have given Aporia Crategi and Parnassius Apollo together, as from many features of resem- 
blance, the semitransparency of a portion of the wings, &c. &c., they group better than they would have done in their respective places. The 
remarkably perfect specimen from which Parnassius Apollo is drawn, I took upon the Mount Cenis a few summers ago in the month of July, where 
it is found in such abundance that I captured between thirty and forty specimens in less thau half an hour. Aporia Crategi, male and female, are 
from specimens taken near Tivoli. The under side of Aporia Crategi is generally described as closely resembling the upper surface, but in my female 
specimen, in addition to the brown veinings which usually distinguish it from the male, the anterior wings are of a deeper cream-colour, and 
the posterior ones inclining to pale yellow. The larva and pupa are both from Hiibner. Of the plants I have only to remark, that the red 
variety of the hawthorn is given instead of the more common white, as affording a better contrast to the colours of the insects. Both the 
caterpillars are from Hubner. H. N. H. 

GENUS VIII. 
APORIA*, Hisner. PIERIS, Srevuens. 
This genus is closely allied to the garden white butterflies, but is distinguished from them not only by its 
habits subsequently detailed, but also by various peculiarities in its structure. The palpi are rather short, with 
the basal joint longest and most robust, the second and third of nearly equal length, the third being, however, 
much slenderer than the second; the antenn are terminated by a gradually formed slightly compressed club ; 
the wings are almost diaphanous, surrounded by a distinct nerve, the cilia being very short, and the discoidal 
cell in all the wings being closed, the fore wings are somewhat triangular, but with the apex and posterior 
angle rounded off; the apical nervure, which is the third anterior branch of the postcostal, is forked more strongly 
than in the garden whites; the legs and ungues are formed as in the same insects. The larva is elongated, 
slightly fusiform, hirsute ; and the chrysalis is angulated, but not boat-shaped, with an obtuse beak in front of the 
tail, conical, attached in the same manner as all the other Pierides. 
The palpi have been relied upon as the chief character of the genus, but from the variations which are 
found even in the British species of garden whites, it appears to me an unsatisfactory one. The antenna and 
subdiaphanous wings are of more importance. 
I must refer to my observations under Pieris for the reasons which have induced me to reject the name of 
Pieris used for this insect by Stephens and others, and to employ one proposed long ago for it by Hubner. It is 
on this account that I have also rejected Donzel’s name, Leuconeat. 


* Probably derived from the Greek Gropia, destitutus sum, from the nakedness of the wings. 
+ M. Donzel was induced to form this insect into a genus intermediate between Pieris and Parnassius, chiefly from the peculiarity which he 
observed, that the female carries the male when flying together coupled. He further states that it differs from Pieris in having ten distinct 
terminal nerves, whilst there are only nine in Pieris; he, however, overlooks the small apical branch which also exists in Pieris, although it is 
sometimes necessary to denude the wing of scales before it can be seen in that genus. 
Fr 
