—- 
AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 41 
Papitio Tnaxta of Hiibner and of Haworth, is also considered by Mr. Stephens as an accidental variety of this 
species, although it has been questioned whether the Thalia of Haworth may not be a variety of Euphrosyne. 
The latter variety is copied, in our plate 9, fig. 12, from Mr. Stephens’s figure drawn from Mr. Haworth’s 
specimen, and is thus described by Mr. Stephens :—“ Wings, above, pale fulvous, irregularly spotted with black ; 
anterior, beneath, pale, varied with yellowish and ferruginous towards the tips, with some obsolete black and 
dusky spots on the disc ; posterior wings variegated with ferruginous, yellowish, and greenish, with the pupil of 
the ocellus very large; the discoidal silvery spot produced to the hinder margin, and the usual marginal spots 
lengthened inwardly ; the usual fasciee are obliterated, but the silvery spot at the base is somewhat apparent.” 
SPECIES 5.—MELITHA EUPHROSYNE. THE PEARL-BORDERED FRITILLARY. 
Plate ix. fig. 8—10. 
Synonymes.—Papilio Euphrosyne, Linnzus. Lewin Pap. pl. 13. | 
Donovan pl. 312. | Argynnis Euphrosyne, Ochsenheimer, Boisduval, Hiibner. (Verz.) 
Melitea Euphrosyne, Leach, Stephens, Curtis, Duncan Brit. Harris Aurelian, pl. 40, fig. e, f. 
Butt. pl. 15, fig. 2. | 
This species is closely allied to the last, but is rather larger, varying from 1% to nearly two inches, and having 
the hind wings far less strikingly variegated on the under side. The upper side of all the wings so closely 
resembles those of M. Selene, that no further description is required of them ; the under side of the fore wings is 
also similar to that of the same species, but the black markings are not so distinct, and the apex of the wing has 
the buff much deeper and the ferruginous marks much paler. The hind wings, beneath, have all the markings 
much less distinct than in Selene, there being moreover only one small patch towards the base, a large spot at the 
apex of the discoidal cell, and seven marginal wedge-shaped marks of silver. The centre of the discoidal cell is 
rusty red, with a yellowish spot in the centre, having a black dot in the middle ; between the central and 
marginal silvery spots is a row of round rusty-red dots. 
Mr. Stephens mentions several varieties of this species; in one of which the silvery marginal spots are 
wanting ; another, with “ the basal half of all the wings, above, black, spotted with fulvous, with large black spots 
on the anterior wings beneath,” seems in some degree to resemble the specimen figured in our plate 9, fig. 11, from 
my-collection, in which all the black markings on the upper side of the fore wings are suffused, except the row 
of submarginal round spots ; the markings on the hind wings are somewhat more distinct. The underside scarcely 
differs from typical individuals. The Rev. Mr. Bird possesses another yariety nearly white. 
This species is the most abundant of all the Fritillaries, especially in woods in the southern parts of the 
kingdom ; it is also found plentifully in various parts of Scotland. The larva is black and spiny, with two rows 
of orange dots on the back. _ 
It feeds on various kinds of violet, and there are two broods in the year, the butterfly first appearing in May 
and again at the beginning of autumn*. 

* The Rey. W. T. Bree published some observations relative to the double-broodedness of this species in Loudon’s Mag. of Nat. Hist., 
No. 21, in reply to which, Mr. Newman, in the next number of the same work, stated that at Birch Wood, Kent, this butterfly appears at the 
end of May by thousands, and lasts till the end of June, but that it never reappears afterwards. Mr. Dale, however (Ent. Mag. 1, 357), speaks 
of it as double-brooded, and states that the spring brood varies very much in its markings, and that the September brood varies in colour, being 
much yellower. 
