56 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES 
GENUS XII. 
CYNTHIA, Fasrictus. 
This genus, or perhaps rather sub-genus, differs chiefly from Vanessa in the form of the wings, the anterior 
pair being very slightly angulated at the tip, whilst the hind ones are rounded and scalloped, and in certain 
trivial distinctions, as in the club of the antennze, which is very short and compressed, and in the palpi, which 
are long, deflexed, pointed and beak-like; the second joint, with the posterior half, pilose. The caterpillar and 
chrysalis resemble those of Vanessa. By Curtis, it is united with the last-named genus. As, however, 
C. Carduiis not one of the types of the genus as established by Fabricius, it is perhaps best to retain it, consider- 
ing the exotic species Papilio Arsino¢ and Cinone as the types of the two sections into which it is divided, 
and regarding Cardui as an aberrant species leading to Vanessa. 

SPECIES 1.—CYNTHIA CARDUI. THE PAINTED LADY. 
Plate xv. fig. 7—10. 
Synonymes.— Papilio Cardui, Linneus, Fabricius, Haworth, Vanessa Cardui, Godart, Latreille, Meigen, Hubner (Verz. bek. 
Lewin Pap. t. 6, f. J-4. Donovan’s Ins. v. 9, tab. 292. Shaw Nat. Schmett). 
Miscell. 9, tab. 430. Panzer Faun. Ins. Germ. 22. 19. Wilkes | Cynthia Cardui, Fabricius, Kirby (F. B. A.), Stephens, Duncan, 
Papil. t. 107, f. 1. Albin Ins. t. 56. Harris Aurelian t. 11, fig. e—f. | Brit. Butt. te bo ea a 
Libythea Cardui, Lamavek. | 
This elegant insect in its markings might at first sight be mistaken for a mottled and faded Atalanta; so 
closely allied are the two species together, although perfectly distinct both in habits and markings ; being in fact 
widely separated in the Linnwan system, one belonging to the Nymphales Phalerati, and the other (C. Cardui) 
to the N. gemmati, in consequence of the wings being marked with eye-like spots. It varies in the expanse 
of its wings from 2s to 25 inches. The fore wings on the upper side are at the base brown; the disk tawny 
orange *, with three somewhat square black spots ; the apex blackish, with five white spots, the largest of which is 
on the costa, and the four others form a curved line, between which and the margin is a slender whitish line. The 
hind wings above have the base and costal margin brown ; the disk fulvous, with numerous black marks arranged, 
as it were, in four transverse rows, the second forming a row of round darker-coloured spots, the fourth being 
marginal, the margin itself whitish. Beneath, the fore wings are nearly marked as above, but the fulvous colour 
is more diffused ; the dark spots are smaller, aud the apex of the wing is dark stone-colour, instead of black. 
The hind wings below are beautifully mottled with paie olive brown, yellowish bul, and white, the veins being 
white: near the hind margin isa row of slender blackish-blue marks, above which are four beautiful eyes, the 
two middle ones being smaller than the outer ones, which are circled with black. The markings vary in size in 
different individuals, Mr. Stephens having described several varieties. The caterpillar is spined, of a brown 
colour, with interrupted lateral yellow lines; it is solitary, and feeds on the Carduus lanceolatus, and other 
species of the same genus, us well as on the nettle, mallow, artichoke, &c. It is found in the middle of July. 
Like that of V. Atalanta, it draws up the leaves upon which it is feeding with its threads, and like it, is 
solitary in its habits. The chrysalis is brown, with ash-coloured lines and golden spots. 

* The tawny orange marks on the right forewing bear a tolerably good resemblance to a map of England and Ireland. 
