AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS, 67 
is found at the beginning of May and August, and feeds on grasses. The imago appears in July and August, 
and is a common and widely-dispersed species, frequenting lanes and road-sides, delighting to settle on walls, 
(whence its ordinary English name), flying off when approached, and settling at a short distance, again 
to be disturbed at the approach of the passer-by. 
Papri1o Mara (Linneus), a species closely allied to the preceding, and placed in the same subgenus Dira 
by Hiibner, has been introduced into the English list of butterflies, in consequence of Linneus having 
erroneously referred Wilkes’ figure of Megera to Mera, which evidently induced Berkenhout to give Megzera 
under the name of Mera. Although similar to Megzera in its markings, it is at once distinguished by the more 
distinct club of the antennz, a character pointed out by Zetterstedt. 


HIPPARCHIA*, Fasnricuus. 
This genus is distinguished from the preceding with which it agrees, in having the mediastinal and median 
veins above more or less dilated at the base, in the naked eyes. The wings are generally considerably variegated, 
and more or less denticulated, especially the hinder pair, and the palpi moderately hairy. The antenne vary 
in the construction of the club, which in some species is long, slender, and fusiform, and in others abrupt and 
broad. The fore legs are of comparatively moderate length, and distinctly visible in both sexes, those of the 
males being much more densely clothed with hair, and those of the females rather larger. The tarsal portion 
is simple in the males, but articulated in the females, without however the short spines at the tips of the joints 
beneath observed in the Lasiommate}. This genus comprises the greater part of Stephens’ section B of 
Hipparchia, and with Duponchel’s Ericicoles (Phaedra, &c.), Rupicoles (Briseis, Semele, &c.), Herbicoles (Janira 
and Tithonus, &c.), and Ramicoles (Hyperanthus, &c.) 
The larve are conical, with the head round, and the tail bifurcate ; they are marked with several longitudinal 
black stripes. M. Marloy, who has published a short notice on the larva of these insects in the Annals of the 
Entomological Socicty of France for 1838, mentions that the chief cause why these larve are so seldom met 
with is, that they conceal themselves and remain inactive during the day, but come forth to feed by night, when 
they may be found in great numbers with the help of a lamp. The caterpillars of Briseis and Semele form large 
cocoons under ground, composed of grains of earth fastened together with a little silk ; their chrysalides are short, 
ovoid, glabrous, contracted, with the head obtuse and the tail pointed. Janira differs from the preceding, in 
having the chrysalides naked, angular with the head bifid,and suspended head downwards. The larva of 
Tithonus, according to Boisduval, has the hairs of the body bifid. 
* Unmeaningly derived, by Fabricius, from the Greek ‘Immapxia, prefectura equitum. 
+ The tarsi above described are those of Semele. Those of Janira are shorter (although conspicuous) and very slightly pilose, with the 
tarsal portion in the males short and slightly compressed, but longer in the females, and articulated. n other respects they are nearly alike in 
size and appearance. In Tithonus they are very minute in both sexes, but rather larger in the females, and very slightly hairy in the tarsal 
part, more elongated than in the male, and thick at the tip. The same minuteness of size occurs also in Hyperanthus, thus confirming the 
subdivisions established on other characters. 
