AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 69 
SPECIES 2.—HIPPARCHIA BRISEIS. 
Plate xix. fig. 1, 2. 
Synoyymrs.— Papilio Brisets, Linnzus, Fabricius. Ernst Pap. 1, pl. 21, fig. 36,a—d. Naturforscher, 10, tab. 2, fig.3, 4. 
Hipparchia Briseis, Ochsenheimer. 
This fine species measures about 24 inches in the expansion of the wings, which are denticulated, and of a brown 
colour, having a greenish gloss, The anterior have an interrupted row of pale buff spots near the outer margin, 
which are extended across the hind wings: moreover the fore wings are marked with two black ocelli with a white 
centre. The under surface of the fore wings is more varied with brown and buff than the upper, especially 
towards the base, and is marked on the costa with two blackish spots, and the tip is freckled. The hind wings 
also on this side are freckled with short transverse streaks. A very irregular paler bar runs across the middle 
of the wing, succeeded by a darker waved one in which are several rudimental ocelli. 
The caterpillar is smooth, thick, and greyish-coloured, conical, with five longitudinal dark lines, the dorsal 
one being the darkest: the head is round and red, It forms a cocoon under ground, according to M. Marloy. 
We have introduced this common Continental species for the first time as an English insect, a specimen 
having been reared by A. Lane, Esq., from the larva which was found feeding on grass near Newington. The 
perfect insect was exhibited at the meeting of the Entomological Society on the 7th of October, 1839, the larva 
having been captured on the 11th of August preceding. 

SPECIES 3.—HIPPARCHIA TITHONUS. THE GATE-KEEPER, OR LARGE HEATH BUTTERFLY. 
Plate xix. fig. 3—7. 
Synonymes.— Papilio Tithonus, Linn. (Mantissa), Lewin Pap. Papilio Tithonius, Villars (not his Piloselle). 
pl. 22. Harris Aurelian, pl. 44, fig. f, g. Papilio Herse, Hiibner, Pap. 
Hipparchia Tithonus, Ochsenh., Steph., Curtis ; Duncan, Brit. Papilio Phedra, Esper. 
Butt. pl. 23, fig. 2, 3. Papilio Piloselle, Fabricius, Haworth ; Donovan, Brit. Ins. v. 12, 
Pyronia Tithonus, Hiibner (Verz. bek. Schmett.) pl. 405. 
This common butterfly varies from 13 to nearly two inches in the expanse of its wings, the ground colour 
of which on the upper side is of an ochre yellow, with a broadish brown margin. The base of all the wings 
is also brown; near the apex of the fore wings is a large black eye, in which are two small white dots; near the 
anal angle of the hind wings is also a nearly obsolete eye, more strongly marked in the female. The male 
is distinguished by its smaller size, more obscure colouring, and by having a broad brown oblique patch in the 
middle of the posterior disc of the fore wings. The fore wings on the under side are coloured as on the upper, 
except that the brown patch is wanting in the males: the hind wings, on the contrary, are of a golden brown 
at the base and margin, with an irregular waved greyish-buff band running across the middle, having a brown 
patch near the outer angle in which are two small eyes, and another patch and ocellus towards the anal angle, 
sometimes accompanied by one or two small white ocelli. The size of these ocelli, as well as their number, varies 
in different specimens. 
The caterpillar is greenish, pubescent, with a reddish line on each side, and a brownish head. It feeds on 
the annual meadow-grass, and also (according to Haworth) on the Hieracium Pilosella. It is found in this 
-state in the beginning of June, and the butterfly appears in the middle of July. It is a very abundant species, 
frequenting pasture lands and lanes throughout the kingdom. 
L 
