70 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XX. 
Insects.—Fig. 1. Hipparchia Janiva, male (the Meadow-Brown Butterfly). 2. The female. 3. Showing the under side. 
4. The Caterpillar. 5, The Chrysalis. 
#4 Fig. 6. Hipparchia Hyperanthus (the Ringlet Butterfly). 7. Showing the under side. 8. The Caterpillar. 9. The Chrysalis. 
Prant.—Fig. 10. Poa annua (Annual Meadow Grass). 
H. Hyperanthus has been grouped with H. Janira upon this plate to display the singular resemblance of the male insect of the two species 
on the upper side, while they are so strikingly different beneath. H.N. H. 

SPECIES 4.—HIPPARCHIA JANIRA. THE MEADOW BROWN BUTTERFLY. 
Plate xx. fig. 1—5. 
Synonymrs.—Papilio Janira, Linnzus, (male,) Turton, Stewart. Papilia Jurtina Linneus, (female,) Lewin Pap. pl. 18 ; Donovan, 
Hipparchia Janira, Ochsenheimer, Stephens, Leach, Curtis; | 1. pl. 320. Haworth ; Harris Aurelian, pl. 32, fig. a—e. 
Duncan, Brit. Butt. pl. 24, fig. 1, 2. Papilio Hyperanthus, Wilkes, 53, pl. 101. Albin, pl. 53, fig. a—e. 
Epinephile Hyperanthus, Hiibner (Verz. bek. Schmett.) 
This most abundant species varies in the expanse of its wings from 1} to 2 inches. As its English name 
imports, the prevailing colour of the wings on the upper side is obscure brown or almost black, especially in the 
males. Both sexes have a small black eye, with a white centre, placed on a small fulvous patch near the tip 
of the fore wings ; and the female has a large fulvous patch beneath the ocellus, which is sometimes also slightly 
visible in the males: on the under side, the wings are brighter coloured, the fore ones being dark orange yellow, 
lighter beyond the middle, and with the margin pale brown. The ocellus near the apex is also here present ; the 
basal half and the margin of the hind wings are tawny brown, separated by a broad irregular paler bar in which 
are from one to three minute dark dots. The markings of this species, however, greatly vary in size, as well as 
occasionally in colour ; and the ocellus of the fore wings is sometimes without and sometimes with two white 
dots ; occasionally also it is accompanied by one or two black spots beneath, as in fig. 2. 
The caterpillar is pubescent, green, with white longitudinal lines, and the tail is forked. It feeds on several 
species of grass, especially Poa pratensis. The chrysalis is naked and angular, suspended by the tail, with 
two sharp points at the head. 
The butterfly, which is to be found in every meadow and grassy lane, is one of the commonest of our English 
species, and occurs all over the kingdom. Mr. Knapp, the author of the pleasing Journal of a Naturalist, 
notices that it appears but little affected by the diversity of seasons, being equally copious in damp and cheerless 
summers as in the driest and most arid ones. Indeed, in 1826, which was exceedingly parched, the number of 
these butterflies was so great as to attract the attention of different persons. 
Linneus mistook the sexes of this butterfly for different species ; but their specific identity has long been 
unquestionably established. In such cases the name given to the male specimens is retained instead of that of 
the female. 
SPECIES 5—HIPPARCHIA HYPERANTHUS. THE RINGLET BUTTERFLY. 
Plate xx. fig. 6—9. 
Synonymes.—Papilio Hyperanthus, Linueus, Lewin Pap. pl. | Papilio Polymeda, Scop.; Wiibner, Pap. 
20; Donovan, Brit. Ins. 8, pl. 271; Haworth; Harris Aurelian, Satyrus Hyperanthus, Boisduyai. 
pl. 35, fig. d—h (not of Wilkes). Enodia Hyperanthus, Hiibner (Verz. bek. Schmett.) 
Hipparchia Hyperanthus, Ochsenheimer, Leach, Stephens, 
Curtis, Duncan, 
This plain-coloured butterfly varies in the expanse of its wings from 1} to nearly 2 inches. The upper 
surface of all the wings is dark brown, without any shade or mark except one or two small and more or less 
