74 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES 
The varieties of this species are very numerous, not only in the markings, but also the ground-colour of the 
wings. One of the most striking is represented in our Plate 21, fig. 8, 9. 
This butterfly was first taken in June, in Yorkshire, near Beverley. Many years afterwards it was again 
found by Mr. Haworth ina marsh near Cottingham, in the same county. It also occurs in Scotland, Wales, 
Cumberland, Northumberland, the Shetland Islands, and other parts of the North of Great Britain. It was 
found by Mr. Weaver in Cumberland, unaccompanied by Polydama, which he had found in North Wales nearly 
a month earlier; although, according to Mr. Wailes, both occur in company in Northumberland. 
It will be seen by the synonymes how great a confusion has prevailed as to the specific name of the insect. 
Mr. Stephens first described it under the name of Iphis, which he afterwards altered to Polydama, regarding it 
as identical with the Polydama of Haworth, which he had also at first considered as distinct. If Polydama, 
however, be a variety of Davus, some other name must be given to this species ; and although the synonymes of 
Esper (to Tiphon) are disputed, and the change of the name to Typhon not perhaps strictly correct, yet I have 
thought it best to recur to the name imposed on the species by my lamented friend and tutor in Entomology, 
Mr. Haworth—instead of giving it a new specific name, which would otherwise have been rendered necessary. 
The caterpillar and chrysalis are copied from Godart’s figures of C. Iphis; but the synonymes of the species 
so named have been so confused, that we are not quite certain whether it be identical with Typhon or not. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXII. 
Insects. —Fig. 1, Cononympha Pamphilus (the small Heath Butterfly). 2. Showing the under side. 
S Fig. 3. Cenonympha Hero, 4. Showing the under side. 
7 Fig. 5. Canonympha Arcanius. 6. Showing the under side. 7. The Caterpillar. 8. The Chrysalis. 
: Fig. 9. Oreina Cassiope (the Mountain Ringlet B.). 10. Showing the under side. 
Prants.—Figs. 11, 12, 13. Cynosurus cristatus (Dog’s-tail grass). Fig. 14. Melica nutans (mountain Melic-grass). 
C. Pamphilus is from a specimen in the possession of Mr. Westwood. C. Hero and O. Cassiope from the collection of Mr. Stephens. The 
caterpillar of Arcanius is from Godart, who describes it as feeding upon Melica ciliata, which, not being an English species, I have represented it 
upon M, nutans. H.N.H. 

SPECIES 3.—CQZENONYMPHA ARCANIUS. 
Plate xxii. fig. 5—8. 
Synonymes.— Papilio Arcanius, Linn. ? Hubner (P. Arcania). 
Hipparchia Arcanius, Jermyn, Stephens, Curtis, Brit. Ent. pl. 205x. 
This butterfly measures an inch and a half ini the expanse of its wings; the fore pair of which are tawny, 
with the front edge and outer margin brown, having a small obscure eye near the tip; the hind wings are brown, 
palest across the middle, with a narrow orange stripe at the anal angle, and three or four very indistinct ocelli. 
The fore wings beneath have the front and outer edges slightly brown, with a short pale ochreous stripe towards 
the apex, where there is an ocellus with a black iris (sometimes accompanied by a smaller eye). The hind wings 
beneath are orange brown at the base, terminated in an irregular margin beyond the middle of the wing, having 
an ocellus with a black iris and silver pupil at the superior extremity ; a broad whitish irregular band beyond 
is succeeded by a bright tawny margin, in which are two large and two or three small ocelli, with a silver line 
running near the margin of the wing. 
Such is the description of the only specimen of this butterfly at present in any British collection—and even 
