AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. Sl 
minute, and the two following the largest ; the terminal row, consists either of a series of oval spots, with a 
black dot in the centre of each, or orange crescents. The cilia is alternately black and white; the hind wings 
are brown, with about four small irregular pale spots, and a submarginal row of spots or lunules as in the fore 
wings. Beneath, the wings are much more varied in their colours, the ground colour being much paler: the 
orange spots again appear, but are separated from each other by black marks towards the hind margin of the 
fore wings; the hind wings are ornamented towards the base with an abbreviated bar, formed of four or six 
white oblong spots; this is succeeded by an orange bar, which is followed by an irregular white bar, formed of 
nine unequal-sized white patches. Along the margin is a row of fulvous ocelli, with a black dot in the middle 
of each, edged behind with white. The ground colour of the wings of the female is black instead of brown, with 
the markings larger and brighter coloured; the latter in the males are occasionally almost obliterated, except 
the marginal ones. 
The following account of the preparatory states of this interesting insect, is quoted by Mr. Curtis, from 
Hiibner’s valuable work on the European Lepidoptera :—“ The eggs are found solitary, or in pairs, on the under 
' 
surface of the leaves of Primula veris and elatior at the beginning of summer; they are almost globular, smooth, 
shining, and pale yellowish-green. The caterpillar feeds on the leaves: its head is roundish, heart-shaped, smooth, 
shining, and bright ferruginous, black only on the mouth and about the eyes: its body is almost oval, but long, 
depressed, and set with rows of bristly warts; the other parts are set with feathery hairs; on the back, at least 
from the fourth joint to the tail, there is a black dot on each joint, and on the sides similar, but less distinct spots : 
the colour is pale olive orange ; its feet are rusty brown; the spiracule black ; claws and belly whitish. It moves 
very slowly, rolls itself up when disturbed, and remains in that state a long time. Soon after the middle of summer 
it becomes a pupa, not only fastening its body by the apex, but also by spinning a cord across its middle ; in 
this state it remains until the end of the following spring. Hubner, who reared it from the egg, says also that 
the caterpillar throws off five skins before it becomes a pupa, and its appearance, at different ages, varies con- 
siderably. The larva represented, (and copied in our plate xxiv. fig. 3,) he found on a prima in his own 
garden.” 
Coombe Wood; Darenth, Kent; Boxhill; Dulwich ; the New Forest ; and in Dorsetshire, Berkshire, and 
Northamptonshire, are given for the localities of this rather uncommon species; and Mr. Duncan adds, that it 
has been also taken as far north as the neighbourhood of Carlisle, by Mr. Heysham. 
FAMILY IV. 
LYCANIDA, Leacn. 
The present family, (corresponding with the Polyommatide of Swainson and the Vermiform Stirps of the 
butterflies of Dr. Horsfield), comprises a numerous assemblage of small and weak, but beautiful creatures, dis- 
tinguished by the minute size of the tarsal claws; the apparent* identity in the fore tarsi of both sexes, the fore 

* The fore tarsi have been described by Messrs. Curtis, Stephens, &c., as identical in both sexes; but in examining the Indian Thecla Isocrates, 
I discovered that the tarsus of the males consists of a long simple joint ; and I subsequently found the same to be the case in Polyommatus 
Corydon. 
