AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 97 
therefore, described by Linnzus as of the size of Virgauree. The wings of the male on the upper side are of a 
pure tawny or fulvous colour, with the outer edges alone black, and in the hind wings marked within with small 
black spots, of which the fourth is placed nearer the base of the wing. In most specimens there is also a transverse 
line at the extremity of the discoidal cell. The female has the upper surface of the fore wings dull copper with 
spots, arranged as in Ch. dispar ¥, but smaller. The hind wings have the entire upper surface dusky without 
orange veins, but marked with darker spots, the margin itself being black and internally crenated. On the under 
side both sexes resemble each other, the disc of the wings being luteous-ash coloured, with fewer and smaller spots? 
but similarly ocellated, as in Ch. dispar, three of larger size being placed along the discoidal cell longitudinally, 
succeeded by an irregular row placed transversely, and several very minute ones parallel with the outer margin ; 
the hind wings beneath are ash-coloured, with about seventeen ocellated spots, and a fulvous band on the hinder 
margin anteriorly spotted with black. 
Although regarded by some authors as specifically identical with Ch. dispar, the present species differs in its 
smaller size, more tawny hue of the upper side of the wings of the male (generally destitute of the small trans- 
verse bar or streak at the extremity of the discoidal cell of the fore wings), fewer and smaller spots on the under 
side of the wings, and more uniform hue of the hind wings of the female, which seem to warrant a specific distinc- 
tion between the two insects : moreover, as Mr. Stephens observes, amongst several hundreds of Dispar which have 
been taken at Whittlesea Mere, not one specimen occurred agreeing with the true Hippothoé. Nothing is known with 
certainty as to the true locality of this species, of which several specimens were preserved in old English collections. 
It is presumed, however, that one of these was taken in some part of Kent, having having been obtained from an 
old collection made in that county, known to collectors under the name of the Kentish Cabinet. 

SPECIES 5.—CHRYSOPHANUS VIRGAUREZ. THE SCARCE COPPER BUTTERFLY. 
Plate xxx. fig, 1—5. 
Synonymes.—Papilio Virgauree, Linneus ; Haworth ; Donovan, Ent. 1, pl. 9, fig. 1—2, male, fig. 3, female. Duncan, Brit. Butt. pl. 
vol. 5, pl. 173, male ; Lewin, pl. 41, f. 1—2. 29, fiz. 3; Wood, Ind. Ent. t. 3, fig. 60, male and female. 
Lycena Virgauree, Fabricius ; Ochsenheimer ; Stephens, Brit. Chrysophanus Virgauree, Hiibner (Verz. bek. Schmett.) 
This very distinct species is about the size of Ch. Hippothoé, the fore wings expanding about an inch and a half ; 
the upper surface of all the wings is of a very rich yellow copper colour, without any discoidal spots or any clouds 
indicating the situation of the spots on the under side of the wings; the margin of all the wings is black, 
and more or less narrow; the hind wings having, moreover, a few black spots near the posterior edge, and 
confluent with the dark margin, except the two next the anal angle, which are close together and smaller 
than the rest. The female is more obscure in the colours of the upper side, with a spot in the middle, 
and a larger one at the extremity of the discoidal cell; beyond this is an irregular row of black spots, 
which is succeeded by a submarginal row of six large somewhat confluent black spots. The hind wings are 
more variegated in their appearance than in any other species, being of an obscure fulvous colour at the base, a 
large discoidal patch and several dashes of brown between the veins of the wings (including a transverse curved 
row of seven larger spots, nearly square, beyond the middle of the wing), and a marginal row of smaller ones of 
a dusky brown colour. Beneath the sexes are nearly similar, being of a dull fulvous stone colour, the base and 
extremity being irrorated with greenish. In the discoidal cell are two small black spots, and a transverse one at 
its extremity ; beyond this are six or eight small black spots placed irregularly but in pairs, and beyond this the 
