116 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES 
by a dusky line: the posterior wings have several white spots towards the base ; a larger discoidal one, a curved 
irregular row of white tuberculated spots beyond the middle, with a broad patch of white connecting the middle 
spots with the submarginal band of fulvous spots, which are similar in their markings to the corresponding row of 
the fore wings: the white subocellated spots on this side of the wings have the middle marked more conspicuously 
“with a dusky spot in the females than in the males. 
Mr. Stephens’ short description of this species is as follows :—“ Alis fusco-nigris, subtus fuscescentibus maculis 
subocellatis, anticis supra in masculis puncto discoidali atro, in foeminis albo ; posticis utrinque fascia submar- 
ginali rubra ;” and Mr. Wailes, an acute entomologist, resident upon the spot where the species occurs, namely, 
Castle Eden Dean, near Durham, (it also occurs in the magnesian limestone district, near Neweastle,) entirely 
coincides with Mr. Stephens in considering it as a distinct species, observing, however, that Mr. 8.’s description is 
not quite correct, since out of at least 150 specimens, the variety with the black spot forms two-thirds of the 
whole ; and that neither sex possesses exclusively either the white or black spot ; though the majority of the 
former variety are males. (Entomol. Mag. i. p. 42.) He further states that this butterfly appears to be 
confined to the sea-banks, having only seen a few stragglers so far from the coast as halfa mile. It appears 

in July. 
SPECIES 15.—POLYOMMATUS ARTAXERXES. THE SCOTCH ARGUS. 
Plate xxxvii. fig. d—6. 
Synonymes.— Hesperia Artawerves, Fabricius; Lewin, Pap., pl. Argus Artaxerzes, Boisduval, Icon. Hist. Lep., pl. 14, fig. 7—8. 
39, fig. 8—9. Haworth; Donovan, Brit. Ins, v. 16, pl. 541 Polyommatus Artaxerxes, Stephens ; Jermyn ; Wood, Ind. Ent., 
(Papilio Art.) pl. 3, f. 74 and 13. Duncan, Brit. Butt., pl. 34, fig. 4. 
Lycena Artaverxes, Leach. 
This species is closely allied to the preceding, if, indeed, it be not a local variety of it. It varies in the expanse 
of the wings from an inch to an inch and a sixth. The upper surface of the wings in both sexes is of a silky- 
blackish brown colour, with the anterior margin very slender and white, and a small white spot at the extremity 
of the discoidal cell ; and in a few instances, a similar minute white spot occurs on the disk of the hind wings above. 
There is also a submarginal row of small orange-red marks on all the wings, although they are often almost, or 
even entirely obsolete in the fore wings. The fringe is white, slightly marked with brown at the base opposite 
to the extremity of the veins. The under side of the wings is of a greyish brown ; the anterior wings having a 
large round patch at the extremity of the discoidal cell, succeeded by a slightly curved row of white oval spots : 
beyond this is a row of fulvous spots, bounded within by dusky crescents, edged with white, and terminating in 
round black spots ; beyond which is a slender bar of white immediately preceding the slender dark margin which 
is dilated at the extremity of the veins. The under side of the fore wings is marked by four white spots, forming 
an oblique line at the base ; the spot at the extremity of the discoidal celi is white, and of transverse-oval form, 
emitting a minute straight branch from its outer edge ; near this, on the, costa of the hind wings, are two white 
spots, and there are six others, forming an interrupted white bar beyond the middle of the wings, those in the 
centre being confluent, and thus forming a larger white patch ; the margin of this pair of wings is ornamented 
with fulvous spots and other markings, exactly corresponding with those on the margin of the fore wings. 
The female, as in Agestis, closely resembles the male, but the submarginal row of fulvous spots is generally 
larger and more extended into the fore wings than in the male. ‘The upper side of the antenna is like that of 
Agestis, except that the extremity of the club is reddish ; their under side is almost entirely whitish. 
